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Now this isn't the first time that we have in Milton the representation of the turning of a person to marble.
这不是第一次,在弥尔顿的表述中把人向石头转换。
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It's very like, I feel like it's lots of stone, lots of gray, lots of trench coats, briefcases, fashion,
它很像，我觉得那里满是石头、灰暗、风衣、公文包、时尚、
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Near the plowed fields curved and faded, and the few hogs nosing in the furrows looked like large spotted stones.
颜色褪尽的耕地，一群鼻子拱出皱纹的猪就像大大的,带着斑点的石头。
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This is actually a recurrent figure in the early poems, isn't it wonderful that there's a term for being turned to marble?
这事实上是在早期诗歌多次出现的一个形象，有一个术语形容变成石头，是不是很美妙？
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Nobody denies the existence of the stone, right?
没有人否认石头的存在，对吧？
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And when I got rid of this excess stone, there was David.
凿去多余的石头之后，大卫就诞生了。
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These would have been inscriptions either on pottery, which the earliest ones are,or on stone, but otherwise I'm sure there was writing on perishable material-wooden plaques, probably not yet paper, but these would have been destroyed.
有些是刻在陶器上的铭文,最早期的时候,是刻在石头上的,但另外,我能肯定,有些是写在易腐蚀的材质,比如木头,或者瓷片上的,当时应该还没有出现纸,但是这些都被毁坏了
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For example, nowhere in the world would people consider eating a rock, because a rock is non-food across all cultures; but aside from that, there's great variability and so social construction part of this is very important.
举例来说,世界上没有哪里的人会想吃石头,因为不管在哪种文化中,石头都不能当做食物,但是除此之外,各地的食物丰富而多样,所以社会意识是非常重要的一部分
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But if I join a fraternity and they pour cow poop on my head and make me stand in the rain for a month wearing pantyhose while they throw rocks at me I then think--after it I think "God, I went through a lot of stuff to get into this fraternity.
但如果我加入之前，他们要往我头上泼牛粪,要我穿着女内裤在雨中站一个月,他们还朝我扔石头,事后我就会想,”为了加入这个兄弟会我吃了不少苦头“
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What values does he embody? Grayness grayness that suggests the color of a land and a culture, the color of stone, of peasant clothes.
体现了什么品质，灰色,灰色暗示了,一种土地和文化的颜色，石头的颜色，农民衣服的颜色。
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We get great Mahler symphonies yet we have everybody sitting there rock-still at these concerts.
我们拥有伟大的马勒交响曲的同时,也要求大家在音乐会上要坐得像块石头
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You have a wind that blasts from God's nostrils, the waters stand straight like a wall, and at a second blast, the sea then covers the Egyptians, and they sink like a stone in the majestic waters.
从上帝的鼻孔里吹出来一阵狂风,水墙骤起，第二阵狂风吹起,海水淹没了埃及士兵，他们就像石头一样沉入水底。
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So with sarcophagi and just like, different stones from the pyramids and statues.
有石棺，还有金字塔和雕像上的各种石头。
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That's not the whole song and dance that you went to a building and you threw up a rock or anything.
不是你又蹦又跳地跑到楼顶,然后往下扔了块石头
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and sitting on the stone.
我们都坐在石头上。
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She's stuck to a -- this is remarkable: she's stuck to a "marble venomed seat smeared with gums of glutinous heat."
这个值得注意，她坚持坐在,涂满胶状树胶的邪恶石头凳子上“
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who was refuted by Dr. Johnson who kicked a stone and leaped away in terrible pain saying, "I refute it thus."
约翰逊先生反对理想主义者，他踢开一块石头,跳开到很远，一副痛苦不堪的样子，说，“我这样来反驳“
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Once again, it's about chipping away the excess stone because as kids, we are always asking questions.
再一次，这是关于凿掉多余的石头，因为作为孩子，我们永远都在问问题。
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These are children turned to stone.
这些是变成石头的孩子。
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Medusa can turn men into stone.
美杜莎可以把人变成石头。
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And so--like the chainlet--it takes that stone-like distillation of life, turning rain to stone, turning life to the representation by your tormentor.
就像那条链子，它提取了,生命中如磐石般不朽的精华，将雨水变成石头，将生命变成,折磨你的人笔下的画像。
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Thou does make us Marble with too much conceiving," Milton had told Shakespeare in that poem.
你把我们变成了一个有太多设想的石头“,弥尔顿在这首诗中这样告诉莎士比亚。
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All I needed to do was to chip away the excess stone, to get rid of the marble that shouldn't have been there.
我只要凿去多余的石头，只留下有用的。
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It involves a stone, a piece of lapis lazuli that has a kind of a flaw in it, which is like a "water-course," and where one can imagine a pilgrim climbing toward increased enlightenment.
提到了一块石头,一块有瑕疵的青金石，就像河道“,我们可以想象,一个朝圣者慢慢靠近神启。
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However, there are light arm troops made up of those too poor to be in the phalanx, who do use projectiles and the projectiles are arrows, javelins, or stones thrown by slings.
然而的确有轻装部队,由没法进入方阵的穷人组成,他们使用投掷武器,包括弓箭,投枪,或者绳索绑着的石头
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So, what you see is children dead, children turned to stone, and this is the dark side of that fairy tale quality that we see in other parts of the novel that's been coming back in our lectures.
那么，你们读到的是死去的孩子，变成石头的孩子，着就是,童话般的小说的,其它部分的阴暗面,它正渐渐成为我们课程的主题。
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instead of a stone dropping, nowadays there's a monkey that's falling down.
现在就不是丢石头了,而是有只猴子掉下来了
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That's about chipping away the excess stone.
那就是关于凿掉多余的石头。
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