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And, so the experiment was to bombard the foil with these alpha particles, and that measure what happens to them.
因此用这些阿尔法粒子,去轰击金箔，将会发生什么事情呢。
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So on your computer's hard drive are again, a whole bunch of tiny magnetic particles aligned this way or this way.
因此，你的电脑硬盘是完全是,有一簇按照这种方式排列的磁性粒子。
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So, what we can do is try using the classical description of the atom and see where this takes us.
用经典力学描述原子看看怎么样,我们要考虑的是一个,带正电的粒子和。
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And then, what they did is they made a map of where the particles scattered once they struck the screen.
他们做的是,绘制粒子每次散射位置的图,每当他们撞击屏幕的时候。
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most chemical and biological systems aren't that simple precisely because you have to worry about many particles and their statistics and the way they might order or disorder.
大多数化学或者生物系统并不是这么简单,因为你必须担心大量的粒子,和他们的统计特性以及它们有序,和无序的情况。
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Everything -- gold, silver, diamonds, particles -- everything accelerates the same way in a gravitational field, due to this remarkable fact.
所有东西,金,银,钻石,粒子,所有东西,在引力场作用下都以相同的方式加速,原因就是这个显著的事实
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That's amazing, you can get atoms to smash atoms and create a chain reaction and create power-- that's a pretty amazing invention.
很惊人，你可以利用原子去做加速粒子,并产生连锁反应，然后创造能量-,那是个十分惊人的发明。
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That might seem confusing if you're thinking about particles, but remember we're talking about the wave-like nature of electrons.
如果你们把它想成是一个粒子的话是很矛盾的，但记住我们这里说的,是电子的波动性。
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And when you actually wanna store information on disk, can you actually use, as we'll see in a moment, magnetic particles.
当你想在硬盘中存储信息时，我们将会用到后面，我们会谈论的一种称之为磁性粒子来实现它。
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Now you have a gap in your data and yet you still have some magnetic particles there that could be useful.
现在的数据中可能会有一些空白,但你仍然有一些,有用的磁性粒子。
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He understood the interaction of particles of matter, and that's important to set the stage for the Rutherford experiment in Manchester about 10 years later.
他理解物质粒子之间的相互作用，这点很重要,对于10年后他在曼彻斯特搭设,用于卢瑟福实验的平台来说。
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Basically what he did is he took a very thin metal foil and he bombarded it with charged particles.
简单的说他做的工作是,用一张非常薄的金属箔,然后用带电的粒子轰击它。
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All right. So jumping in to having established that, yes, particles have wave-like behavior, even though no, hey're not actually photons, we can't use that equation.
好的，我们已经承认了，粒子有波动性，虽然它们不是光子，我们不能用这个方程。
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So, what we're looking at here is the force when we have two charged particles, one positive one negative -- here, the nucleus and an electron.
我们现在研究的是,一正一负俩个带电粒子之间的,作用力-在这里。
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Now, instead of talking about individual particles, we talk about ensembles of particles.
现在，我们不讨论单个的粒子，我们讨论粒子群。
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And this spin is an intrinsic quality of the electron, it's a property that is intrinsic in all particles, just like we would say mass is intrinsic or charge is intrinsic.
自旋是电子的本征量，它是所有粒子的本征性质，就像我们说质量是本征的或者电荷是本征的。
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But in fact, if you just run your fingers again and again over this floppy disk you are disorienting those particles or knocking them off perhaps altogether, depending on the medium.
事实上，如果你把手指一次次的在磁盘上面滑动,这些粒子就会变的无极性,或者把它们整个搞坏，而这取决于媒介。
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What we had just done a clicker question on is discussing light as a particle and the photoelectric effect, so we're going to finish up with a few points about the photoelectric effect today.
我们刚才做得课堂表决器那个问题,是讨论光作为一个粒子以及光电效应，所以今天我们将以一些,关于光电效应的观点作为结束。
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So, having other particles around that have the same energy that you could technically add up if you were adding them up like a wave, you can't do the same thing with particles, they're all separate.
所以，如果它们是波,你可以把其他的,拥有相同能量的粒子加起来，但是你不能把这些粒子加起来，因为它们是分离的。
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And the reason for this, and this is a very important point about the photoelectric effect, and the point here is that the electrons here are acting as particles, you can't just add those energies together.
这个现象的原因是，这是光电效应非常重要的一个论点,这个论点就是电子,在这里是粒子行为，你不能仅仅把这些能量加在一起。
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So, if instead you put your particle somewhere down here on the electric field, or on the wave, the electric field will now be in the other direction so your particle will be pushed the other way.
还有方向，所以如果,你把粒子放在这下面，电场的方向相反,粒子会朝另一个方向运动。
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First of all, the majority of the alpha particles were transmitted through the screen, OK, majority, vast majority.
第一点，大部分的阿尔法粒子,全都从屏幕穿透过去了，嗯，大部分的，绝大部分的。
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OK, so tiny fraction, tiny fraction of alphas, tiny fraction of incident alphas, tiny fraction of incident alphas deflected through large angles.
这一小部分，极少的阿尔法粒子，极小部分的入射阿尔法粒子，小部分的入射阿尔法粒子,以大角度偏转。
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And it turns out that the Schrodinger equation is an equation of motion in which you're describing a particle by describing it as a wave.
结果是薛定谔方程,用描述粒子波动性的方式,来描述这个粒子。
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And this is the familiar result from ordinary mechanics, where you're not worrying about something like entropy for a whole collection of particles.
在普通力学中，如果不关注大量粒子的熵，诸如此类的物理量的话,这就是我们通常见到的结果。
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So as the particles on the disk that get the current in the read/write head moving put together millions of these magnetized segments and you've got a file.
通过读写头你就可以得到每个粒子的极性,如果把这些上百万粒子的信息,汇聚要一起就够成了一个文件。
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So you're basically having a wave equation for a particle, and for our purposes we're talking about a very particular particle. What we're interested in is the electron.
所以你们主要有,一个粒子的波动方程，我们的目的是考虑一个特殊的粒子,我们感兴趣的是电子。
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And that's really neat to think about, because photons, of course, are massless particles, they have no mass, so it's neat to think about something that has no mass, but that actually does have a momentum.
而且那真的不容易想明白，因为光子，当然是无质量的粒子，它们没有质量，所以这个真的不容易想明白,一些物体没有质量，但是它们事实上确实有动量。
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The magnet creates a field which changes the polarity of a tiny, tiny portion of the metal particles which coat each platter's surface.
这个磁体创建一个,能改变覆盖在,磁盘表面小金属粒子的磁极。
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If a proton which has no mass can behave as a particle does it follow that an electron which has mass can behave as a wave?
如果一个没质量的光子能像粒子一样,具有质量的电子能否,表现得像波一样吗？
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