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One time, I paid a beggar when I was driving in my car and I was stopped to the stoplight,
有一次，我给过乞丐钱，当时我在开车，正在等红灯，
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So this last version of the red light introduces interesting complications which I don't think should confuse us.
所以，关于红灯的这最后一个例子,让我们思考了平时不会思考的问题。
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and... sometimes, you know, beggars will wait at the stoplight and hold the sign
然后……有时，你可能也遇到过，乞讨的人会等在红灯旁，举着一个牌子，
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If we think that our knowledge is positive, we say "red" in a red light means stop.
如果我们主动认知，红灯的意思是停。
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Here you've got a red light which doesn't seem to enter into this sense of the arbitrary and differential.
这里，红灯看起来并没有,任意性和差异性。
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I wish it didn't say "exit," but it does say "exit," because that kind of weakens my point, but over many auditorium doors a red light just hangs there.
如果这些灯上没有注明出口就好了“,因为这样会削弱我要证明的观点，礼堂的门上一般会挂着一盏红灯。
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I mean, there is an emptying out of positive meaning in the very awareness that, after all, the red light could mean "go" I'm about to go on and give more examples.
这就事我们不能主动赋予符号意义,但是是要认识到，红灯也有表示，出发，的意思“,我会用更多例子来说明它。
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It has the function, in other words, of negating its own meaning in another semiotic system, in this case the semiotic system of the stoplight.
也就是说，他有这样那样的功能，在不同语义系统中表示的甚至完全相反，就像红灯表示的这些不同含义一样。
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The red light is intelligible, in other words, within that semiotic system.
红灯在这样的语境里，就有了它的意义。
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Well, that's because it's actually not a gross constituent unit in a semiotic system, right?
哈哈，这是因为,红灯不是这一符号系统的一个完整单元？
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It's no use talking about the negative relationship between a red light and a green light and a yellow, white, or blue one because they all have the same value.
讲什么它是红灯，不是绿灯,不是黄灯白灯一点关系都没有,它们所代表的意义都一样。
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Now in a stoplight, it only has three, one is tempted to say, variables plainly differing from each other: red, yellow and green we have two ways of thinking about the red light.
交通灯，三种灯，红黄绿，它们的颜色和彼此不能,我们有两种方式认识红灯的意思。
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It ought to mean "to go forward" with everything behind it, but needless to say her thoughts on the subject were never implemented because if one day red light means "stop" and the next day red light means "go," there might be a few problems.
它因该表示勇往直前，当然她的想法没有实现,因为如果红灯今天表示停,明天表示走，会天下大乱的。
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In the case of the ambulance and police car, it's more a question of brightness.
警车和救护车上之所以用红灯，大多是因为红灯亮度大。
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Let's make the red light the symbol of 'go.'" And now with the ecological movement it would be very difficult to make the green light the symbol of "stop," and in any case all sorts of complications would arise. Right?
我们来假设，红灯的意思是出发“,那么难道,绿灯的意思是停止吗？,这样会引起各种不必要的麻烦？
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this is perhaps the most interesting thing because it forces us to show the complexity, to see the complexity, of semiotic relationships: a red light, just to return to the Christian holiday, a red light on a Christmas tree.
现在我们讲到了一个耐人寻味论点,这个问题迫使我们要思考，符号系统之间复杂的联系：,当我们再圣诞节时看到红灯，圣诞树上的红灯。
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As I say, red tends to be chosen, but then if you get lab experiments showing that that particular color of gas blue is somehow or another sort of more invasive of your consciousness than red is, then you move away from the arbitrariness of the choice of red as a color.
所以人们就倾向于选择红灯，但是如果你想用实验证明,比如说烟蓝色或者,其他任何另一种颜色比红色更加醒目，那么你就忽视了颜色选择上的任意性。
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I stopped at the stoplight and there was a homeless guy there, a beggar,
我停下车等红灯，然后看到一个无家可归的人在那里乞讨，
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But it's a notion that's complicated in this case by the equally imperative notion "get out of the way," which doesn't at all necessarily entail stopping but rather accelerating in a different direction.
但是值得注意，这很复杂,正如红灯有时表示别挡路,它也不是从来都只表示停止,有时也表示向相反方向前进。
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All right. Just some other examples: a red light over a street door.
好吧，现在让我们看看例子：,临街门上的红灯。
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There are a lot of ways in which a red light means neither "stop" nor "go," but we are sort of confining ourselves so far to the ways in which a red light has something to do with locomotion or the lack thereof.
很多时候红灯既不表示停,也不表示走“,但是我们却惯性的认为,红灯就是提示开始或者停止移动。
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All right, but still it's a red light, right, and our hypothesis is that the red light has positive value in the sense that it means a certain thing. It means, we say, "stop."
它是一个红灯，我们假设红灯主动自带含义,它代表着，停“
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In other words, they probably bear a distant relation to the semiotics of the stoplight, and that's probably why red was chosen for ambulances and police cars: because they put into your head the notion of "stop."
这很可能是源自于,红灯在一些语义中表示停止的意思，它被应用在了救护车和警车上：,因为他们带有警告的意味“
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Once you get that, once you get the value, "Christmas tree," as opposed to "red lights," "red lights" being perhaps a part of some Christmas trees, then you see that you're back in a semiotic system and a very obvious one, because a Christmas tree is a not-menorah, not-Kwanzaa candles.
一旦认识到这点，红灯，指的其实是圣诞树“,红灯是圣诞树的一部分，那么你会发现你回到了符号学的解释中，圣诞树不用于犹太教或者非洲人的节日。
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