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Cummings actually boldly experimented with this principle and he attracted the attention of the linguists, particularly a linguist named Dell Hymes.
对此，卡明斯做了一个大胆的试验,吸引了语言学家的注意，特别是德尔海默斯。
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And they'd be able to do the same thing with brains for alzheimer patients,
这同样也适用于阿尔茨海默症患者，
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For Gadamer the important thing is that the meaning be true, right, and that's where the distinction essentially lies.
对伽达默尔来说重要的是真实的意义，这就是二者的不同之处的核心。
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The way he came up with his scale was actually he borrowed the Romer scale, which came beforehand.
他设计的温标,实际上是借用了更早的罗默温标，罗默是个丹麦人。
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Millions of humans affected by Alzheimer's disease, other species don't get Alzheimer's disease.
上百万人受阿尔茨海默氏症的侵扰,其它物种并不会得这种病
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If you watch the show and you see Cramer, it's pretty believable. I think it's true.
如果你观看这个节目并且看到了克莱默，这是非常可信的，我想这是真的。
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When my wife and I first moved to Amherst, Massachusetts I took a job there once we took some baked goods over to our neighbors.
当我和我妻子刚搬到马萨诸塞的阿默斯特,我曾经在那里工作过,我们给新邻居送了一些烤的小点心
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I want to share with you at the end today a study, one of the most famous studies in the field " called "the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study psychology".
最后我想介绍以下这项研究，心理学最有名的研究,“剑桥-萨默维尔青年学习心理学。
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The great thing about classicism for Gadamer, or what he calls "tradition," is that it's something we can share.
对于伽达默尔来说古典主义，或者传统，最伟大之处是这是我们可以分享的。
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The two passages that I'm about to read juxtapose the viewpoints that I've been trying to evoke in describing Gadamer's position.
我要读的这两篇文章在某些观点上是并行的,我在讲伽达默尔的看法时想激发的就是这些观点。
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I'll say again, somewhat in advance perhaps of the time I should say it, that Gadamer thinks that there's something immoral about historicism.
我会再讲一遍，现在说可能有点早，伽达默尔认为历史主义有些不道德。
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Gadamer believes that historicism forgets the possibility of being taught something by past-ness or otherness.
伽达默尔认为历史主义忘记了,我们会从过去性和他性中学到一些东西的可能性。
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Gadamer says, and here again he's attacking historicism: The text that is understood historically is forced to abandon its claim that it is uttering something true.
伽达默尔在攻击历史相对主义时这样说道：,文本如果放在历史的角度理解,那么这样的理解肯定不是绝对正确的。
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Our primary text will be the excerpt in your book from Hans-Georg Gadamer and a few passages that I'll be handing out from Martin Heidegger and E.D. Hirsch.
主要内容就在大家手上课本里,汉斯·格奥尔格·加达默尔的节选以及,我将带给大家的马丁·海德格尔和赫希的一些文章。
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In the meantime, Gadamer is objecting to this because he says, you simply can't do this.
同时，伽达默尔反对历史主义因为他说，人们做不到。
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As Gadamer says, this is the characteristic idea of the Enlightenment: its prejudice against prejudice, that we can be objective, Okay, fine. But prejudice is bad, we know prejudice is bad.
如伽达默尔所说，这是启蒙运动时期的标志性观点：,对偏见有偏见，我们应该客观，好，但是偏见是不对的，我们知道偏见是不对的。
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This then is the object of historicizing and, as we'll see at the end of the lecture, there's a certain nobility about it to be juxtaposed with the nobility of Gadamerian hermeneutics.
这就是历史化的目标，在这节课快结束的时候我们会了解到，能和伽达默尔的解释学并置,它是受人尊敬的。
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All right. Let's hope we can free our minds of these matters now and turn to something a little more substantive, which is the question--before we plunge in to Gadamer really: what is hermeneutics?
现在让我们把思想从这些事物中解放出来,转向更实质性的问题，在我们探讨伽达默尔之前：,曾提出这样一个问题：诠释学是什么？
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Alzheimer's disease is a good one.
比如阿尔茨海默氏症
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Now the first passage is in Gadamer's text on page 735, the very bottom of the page, and then I'll be going over to page 736.
现在我们要看的第一篇文章是伽达默尔写的,在第735页最下面，一直到736页。
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You can produce animals that have a disease that's similar in some ways to Alzheimer's disease by taking the genes that are involved in Alzheimer's and introducing them into mice, for example.
我们可以创造,带有类似病症的实验动物,比如说通过把阿尔茨海默氏症相关基因,导入小鼠的方法
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And we bring that prejudice to bear on our interpretation of the line, then that is a constructive way into the circle according to Heidegger and Gadamer.
我们把我们的先见带入了我们对诗句的解读，按照海格德尔和伽达默尔的意思就是,良性的循环。
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listen to Gadamer's version of how the circularity of this thinking works.
看一看伽达默尔眼中,思维的循环是如何进行的。
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Implicit, according to Gadamer, in the notion of objectivity is an abandonment of the possibility of learning from the object, of learning from otherness.
伽达默尔认为，客观性这个概念中隐含着,放弃了从对象中学习，从相异性中学习的可能。
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I just say that in passing to call your attention to it as a risk that's involved in our engagement with a hermeneutic project of the nature of Gadamer's.
我这样说只是为了提醒你们,研究有伽达默尔的诠释学理论时,可能有这样的风险。
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Gadamer is a bit apologetic about it, and he goes into the appropriate etymologies.
伽达默尔对它略有歉意，并且他借助了一下语源学。
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It's not to say that Gadamer favored slavery or anything of the sort.
这并不是说伽达默尔赞成奴隶制或类似的东西。
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In other words, what is there--which is a kind of way of talking really has to do with what Gadamer means when he talks also about die Sache, the subject matter.
换句话说，存在,确实和伽达默尔所说的,事情本身有联系。
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That's what Gadamer means when he says "what is there."
这就是伽达默尔在说“存在“时的所指“
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