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According to the view that we're taking, which we'll now call the soul view, according to the soul view, it won't be me lecturing to you on Tuesday.
根据我们所持的观点，也就是灵魂的观点，根据灵魂的观点，星期二给你们上课的就不是我。
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Turn now to the second basic view, the physicalist view, according to which a person is just a body.
现在我们转而讨论第二个基本观念,物理主义观,核心思想是人只是个肉体
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Now, according to sort of a simple-minded view of operant conditioning in behaviorist psychology, the children you reward should do it more.
根据简单的,行为心理学的操作性条件反射观点来看，拿到奖励的小孩应该会画更多画。
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According to this view, man is not merely the measure of all things as the Greek Sophist Protagoras had radically proclaimed in the fifth century.
根据这种观点,人不仅仅是衡量一切事物的标准,这是古希腊诡辩学家普罗塔哥拉,在公元五世纪提出的
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When I use the word "Soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.
当我用"灵魂"这个词时,我会采用二元论思路,因为他们认为,灵魂是非物质,非物理的
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The key to personal identity, according to the soul view, is having the very same soul.
根据灵魂论，人格同一性的关键，是有相同的灵魂。
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Because according to the soul view, to be me, it's got to have the same soul and we just stipulated, not the same soul.
因为根据灵魂论，要成为我,必须有我的灵魂，刚才说过了，而这不是我的灵魂。
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So when I use the word "Soul," I will try to reserve it for the metaphysical view, according to which souls are something immaterial.
所以当我使用"灵魂"这个词时,我将会把它用在形而上学的观点里,这种观点认为,灵魂是非物质的
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In contrast to that, we've got the physicalist view, according to which there are just bodies.
与之相对的,是物理主义的观点,认为人只有肉体
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The key to personal identity according to the soul view is having the same soul.
根据灵魂存在观点,人格同一性的关键在于有同一个灵魂。
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To see that,recall the fact that according to the personality view, as a theory of personality identity, the crucial point isn't that my personality stay identical.
要明白这一点，回想一下根据人格理论，作为个人认同感的理论，关键点不在于人格要保持不变。
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The dualist view, according to which a person is a body and a soul.
二元论认为,人是由肉体和灵魂两部分组成
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But that's not the key to personal identity, according to the soul view.
但根据灵魂论，那都不是人格同一性的关键。
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According to the personality view, what makes somebody in the future the same person as somebody in the past is if it's part of the same ongoing personality.
根据人格理论，将来之某人与过去之某人为同一人,条件是拥有相同持续人格中的部分。
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And there's the physicalist view, according to which there are no souls.
而物理主义,认为人没有灵魂
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According to the soul view, he's not.
根据灵魂论，他不是。
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According to the physicalist view, a person is just a body that can do all of those things: can reflect, can be rational, can communicate, can make plans, can fall in love, can write poetry.
根据物理主义的观点,人是一个可以做以下事情的肉体,可以思考,可以理性,可以与人交流,可以制定计划,可以彼此相爱,可以写诗
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And we ask ourselves,according to the body view, which one is Shelly Kagan? What are the possibilities?
根据肉体理论，我们问自己，哪个才是Shelly，Kagan，有哪些可能？
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