Whereas most utterances purport to be saying something true about the actual state of things in the world, literary utterance is under no such obligation, the argument goes, and ought properly to be understood as fiction making it up as opposed to referring.

大多数言辞都是对事物的真实状况的,真实反映，而这种观点认为，文学没有这个义务，应该把文学理解为小说,它是虚构而不是实指。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And this is just a picture showing some of these sizes with their parent. So, for example, a lithium here, you can see how lithium plus is smaller than the actual lithium atom in its neutral state.

这是一张对比图,展示某些离子与它们的母体，比如，这里是锂，大家可以看到正一价锂离子是多么的小,与中性锂原子相比。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So the state of nature is not necessarily a condition of actual fighting, " but what he calls a "known disposition to fight."

所以“自然状态“并不必须是,实际斗争的情况，而是他说的，“已知的斗争倾向“

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Right? The state of nature is not seen by him as an actual historical condition in some ways, although he occasionally will refer to what we might think of as anthropological evidence to support his views on the state of nature.

他并不是把自然状态理解为,某种方式的实际的历史性的状态，即使他偶然性地,用人类学的证据,去支持他自然状态的观点。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选