Economist Mikhail Delyagin, director of Moscow's Problems of Globalization Institute, says bad working conditions, bureaucracy, and a lack of modernization are other factors driving away talent.

VOA: standard.2010.02.03

He says president is unlikely to do so. The lack of concrete presidential action leads Nemtsov to conclude that the democratization and modernization of Russia remain impossible.

VOA: standard.2009.11.12

Both sides are also reported resolving a disagreement over India's purchase of the Admiral Gorshkov, Russia's Soviet-era aircraft carrier, whose modernization has run into serious delays and cost overruns.

VOA: standard.2009.12.08

The Kremlin leader says modernization is a matter of national survival.

VOA: standard.2009.11.12