The researchers say the bacteria were grouped together in a thin, but sticky area of cells on the inside of showerheads.
VOA: special.2009.10.13
So now, the enzyme is locked up with being built, and the penicillin has effectively killed the bacteria.
所以这是我第一次感受到,我想在单个原子的层面上思考这些分子,所以这时我的专业转到了化学方向。
Remember that these cells are relatively large compared to bacteria and so diffusion doesn't occur very quickly over this length scale.
要知道这些细胞相对细菌而言,还是比较大的,扩散作用在这种尺度上,发生得不是那么快
If it is compromised, then the bees could not defend themselves against pesticides or fungal infections or bacteria or poor nutrition.
VOA: special.2009.09.15
So look, why am I justified in believing in germs, various kinds of viruses that I can't see, or bacteria or what have you, that I can't see?
所以,我为什么相信微生物,相信各种肉眼无法看到的病毒,细菌等诸如此类我看不到的东西确实存在
If it is compromised,then the bees could not defend themselves against pesticide products, fungal infections, bacteria or poor nutrition.
VOA: special.2009.09.22
When they do that they can actually engulf the bacteria in a process called phagocytosis and break them down into antigens.
免疫细胞确实是将细菌整个吞进了肚内,这一过程称为吞噬作用,并将细菌分解成小抗原
Those bacteria can increase the chances of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases.
VOA: special.2009.03.11
So, not just a spectrum of viruses, but there's viruses and bacteria and parasites and other microorganisms that can cause disease.
所以,不是只有病毒,还有病毒,细菌,寄生虫,和其它各种微生物都能导致疾病
The Royal Swedish Academy says the DNA in cells contains the designs for how people, plants and bacteria look and operate.
VOA: special.2009.12.08
So, you're familiar with some of these bacteria like salmonella, or the micro bacterium that causes tuberculosis are shown here.
所以 你们很熟悉像沙门氏菌这样的细菌,或者像这儿的引起结核的小细菌
It belongs to the same family of bacteria as those that cause tuberculosis and Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy.
VOA: special.2009.04.06
So, I have a bacteria infection, stimulates my immune system, I start making antibodies that bind to an antigen specific to that bacteria.
所以 如果我被细菌感染了,我的免疫系统被激活,开始制造抗体,这些抗体结合到细菌特异性的抗原上
Doctor Ruhli says researchers used this method to study changes in the tuberculosis bacteria from two thousand year-old mummified tissue.
VOA: special.2010.06.29
Because bacteria are outside of cells and when antibodies bind to them they can neutralize them.
因为细菌生存在细胞外,抗体结合细菌并中和掉它们
They can even be deadly. Infections of the gums and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system.
VOA: special.2009.03.11
That's shown in this diagram as little colonies of bacteria that are growing on a plate.
图示上显示的是生长在培养基上的,一些菌落
He says normally a protein in healthy immune cells causes the cells to die after they attack an invading virus or bacteria.
VOA: special.2010.05.19
The study of immunology is the study of mechanisms that your body uses to protect itself from mainly from foreign pathogens like viruses and bacteria.
免疫学研究身体,采用何种机制来保护自身,免受外源病原体如病毒和细菌的伤害
Untreated patients can spread the bacteria from their nose and mouth through the air to people who are near them a lot.
VOA: special.2009.10.14
The innate immune system composed of neutrophils and macrophages; these are cells that are crawling around your body all the time ready to eat bacteria.
它由嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞构成,这些细胞不断在周身蠕行,准备吞噬细菌
They hope that future synthetic cells can make useful bacteria for products like bio-fuels or vaccines, and to clean up polluted water.
VOA: special.2010.07.20
Why don't bacteria need a distinct nucleus and that's necessary in a human cell?
为什么细菌不需要单独的细胞核,而对人类细胞则为必需
Dr.Emily Sydnor says the automatic faucets contain more parts, so there are more areas where bacteria could grow.
VOA: special.2011.04.06
Won't help me against other bacteria, but only against the one that I've got.
但对其他细菌却不起作用,只能抵抗我感染到的这种细菌
Makers of the devices say they kill bacteria and viruses because they help to remove the wetness that germs need to survive.
VOA: special.2009.07.14
What else is different about human cells and bacteria other than these formed organelles?
除了细胞器以外,二者还有什么不同
Studies have discovered evidence of harmful bacteria in toilets,on surfaces where food is prepared, even on home telephones.
VOA: special.2009.10.13
Antibiotics are chemicals, usually small organic molecules that will kill micro-organisms like bacteria.
抗生素是一类化学物质,它们通常是小分子有机物,能够杀死细菌这样的微生物
One way is to allow these bacteria to grow on a plate that is loaded with antibiotics like Ampicillin.
一种方法,是让这些细菌,在有大量抗生素如氨苄青霉素,的培养基上生长
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