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They're everywhere in cells throughout your body and they are responsible for lots of the biochemistry of cell/cell interaction and signaling.
它们在身体各处的细胞中都有,并负责很多细胞间的相互作用,及信号转导的生化过程
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So the idea is, if you can take a cell... you can take a stem cell from your body
所以如果你能够取得一个细胞……如果你能够从你体内取得一个干细胞，
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It has the capability of becoming any kind of cell within the body, in fact, that's what it does.
它能成为身体内任何种类的细胞,事实上,这也就是它的功能
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Embryonic stem cells can give rise to every cell type in the body.
能分化出人体中,各种类型的细胞。
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The cell body sums it up and you could view it arithmetically.
胞体将刺激信号总和起来,你可以从数学的角度来看待它
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So most of the lipids, which make up cell membranes in your body are of this category of phospholipids.
大部分脂类,那些在你体内构成细胞膜的脂类,都属于磷脂类
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If we understood them well enough we could potentially make any particular kind of cell in the body from those pluripotent cells.
如果我们能研究得足够透彻,我们就有可能利用这些多能干细胞,制造我们体内任何特定的细胞
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But they'd all have some of these same features, that is a cell body with many processes that meet in the cell body.
但它们都有一些相同特征,那就是它们都拥有一个,汇集了许多突起的细胞体
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Then around this cell body there's an elaborate set of processes which extend out from the cell body and they go in various directions.
环绕在细胞周围的是,是从细胞体延伸出的一束束精细的突起,它们向各个方向延伸
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Here is the cell body up at the top of the diagram here.
图表上部画的是细胞体
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You don't want to generate a lot of cells that just start killing every cell inside your body.
你可不会希望产生一大堆这样的细胞,在你体内大开杀戒
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One of the main things that we use cell culture or maintenance of cells outside the body for is to make more copies of cells.
我们培养细胞,或者体外维持细胞的重要步骤,就是复制更多的细胞
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Some terminology, some of which I've already given you: cell body, dendrites, axons.
我已经教给你们一些术语了,比如说细胞体,树突,轴突
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In particular, cell culture technology or how you culture cells outside the body.
特别是,细胞培养技术,换句话说,就是如何在体外培养细胞
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It's collecting information from all these dendrites under the right series of signals the cell body integrates all that information, says time for me to fire an action potential.
神经收集所有树突送来的,通过一系列正确信号传来的信息,细胞体整合所有信息之后,就到了发出动作电位的时候了
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In this case the shape is - there's a cell body in the center here so this is where the nucleus is and where all the transcription, production of proteins take place here.
在这个细胞中,中间部位是细胞体,细胞核位于其中央,转录以及翻译过程均发生于此
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The important concept is that, while every cell in your body has the capability of making all the proteins that are needed throughout your body, not every cell is doing that at any given time.
这里面有一个重要的概念,就是尽管你身体里的细胞都,有能力制造出,全身上下所需的所有蛋白质,但不是所有细胞每时每刻都在这么做
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It refers to usually 'receptors' that are fixed in a cell, on a cell membrane, and 'ligands' which are dispersed throughout the body and free to diffuse around, and occasionally will find the cell.
受体这个词通常代表了,固定于细胞表面的分子,而配体分散于体内各处,能够自由扩散,它们偶尔会与细胞邂逅
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The connective tissue is one of those four main types of tissue, they're supporting material - supporting tissues that surround other cells in the body and give the cell - and give the body much of its mechanical property.
结缔组织是四种主要组织类型中的一种,它们是支持物--是,包围在体内其它细胞周围的支持组织,并赋予身体大部分的机械性能
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The cell that's producing the signal produces enough of the molecule so that it enters the bloodstream, it circulates throughout your body, eventually it reaches a cell at a great distance, which has a receptor for that ligand and the signal gets received.
发出信号的细胞产生信号分子,数量十分充足 能够进入到血液中,信号随着血液流遍全身,最终到达较远处的细胞,在这些细胞上有与配体配对的受体,信号被细胞接收
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Here, I've just picked a couple of the pictures that I showed you last time when we were talking about cell communication in the immune system, What happens after the vaccine is introduced into your body is that it initiates cellular events.
我挑选了,我上次给你们展示的几幅图片,当我们讨论到,免疫系统中的细胞沟通时,讲到过当人体接种疫苗之后,能够触发,细胞活动
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Now, what does that have to do with the life of a cell inside the body?
这一特性,对我们体内细胞生存有什么意义呢
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They're small molecules that - whose principal function in the body is to carry signals from one cell in the nervous system to another.
它们都是小分子,在体内主要功能是在,神经系统内将信号,从一个细胞传导到另一个细胞
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We'll talk about another word for this later, but it's a cell that's going to give rise to all the cells of our body.
我们之后还会再提到,而这个细胞将孕育出,我们身体全部的细胞
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That's just an example of a cell that in its very mature or differentiated form is quite different from other cells inside the body.
以上就是一个,分化成熟的细胞,区别于体内其它细胞的范例
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Information flows from the dendrites, through the cell body, down the axon.
信息从树突发出,穿过细胞体,传至轴突
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We're going to - one of the reasons why you'll see why cell mediated responses are important is because antigens can appear in your body in different ways.
我们将--,细胞免疫如此重要的一个原因是,抗原能够以不同方式出现在体内
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In order for it to get inside the cells and go through them there have to be transporters which specifically allow glucose to pass into the cell and then out into our body.
为使其能进入并穿过细胞,肠上皮必须具有葡萄糖特异性的转运蛋白,使葡萄糖能够穿过细胞进入体内
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These molecules of DNA, very long molecules of DNA, are condensed and packaged within the nucleus of every cell in your body.
这些DNA分子是非常长的,它们通过折叠等方式压缩形成染色体后,被装配在你身体内的每一个细胞内
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Every cell in your body is only using a fraction of the DNA that's available to it.
每个细胞只用到了,决定该细胞生物功能的DNA片段
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