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After their first tests, the researchers cleaned the water system with chlorine dioxide.
VOA: special.2011.04.06
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It is 1.7475. Conclusion: if I start to react sodium with chlorine, the result is a crystal, a three-dimensional array.
这是1。7475，结论就是：,如果我使钠和氯反应，结果将会是一个晶体，一个三维排列。
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It deconvolves that reaction of sodium plus chlorine into elementary steps that are related to electron transfer and acquisition.
它将钠和氯的反应,分解成基本的步骤,这些步骤是直接与电子的转移和获得有关的。
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"And we have all grown to associate the odor of chlorine, for example, with cleanliness.
VOA: standard.2009.03.30
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So oxygen gets 3 pairs, and each chlorine gets 3 pairs, so now we're up to 9 pairs.
那么氧都有三对，每个氯有三对，那么现在我们用了九对了。
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s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Chlorine is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p5.
氯的电子结构是。
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We started with gaseous sodium to make gaseous sodium ion and gaseous atomic chlorine to make gaseous chloride ion through electron transfer.
我们从气态的钠开始,得到气态的钠离子,从气态的氯原子,通过电子转移得到氯离子。
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So, for example, for the chlorine case, we would say that the electron affinity for chlorine is actually positive 349 kilojoules per mole.
比如，以氯为例，我们可以说氯的电子亲和能,应该等于正的，349，千焦每摩尔。
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We've seen so far that we can have a neutral plus neutral sodium plus chlorine goes to cation plus anion.
到目前为止,我们得到了一个不带电的加一个不带电的,即钠加上氯，得到阳离子加阴离子。
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You'll notice that a lot of different kinds medications do you have chlorine in them, you'll see that c l group.
你会注意到很多不同类型的药物都含有氯,你会看到这类氯。
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Now, chlorine I have to do a little bit more heavy lifting here because chlorine starts as a diatomic molecule.
现在，对于氯,我将会做更多的说明,因为氯元素起初存在于双原子分子中。
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So just keep in mind when you do see the chlorine in these drugs, it's very different from the acid chloride.
因此只要记住当你在这些药物中发现氯的时候，它不会是酰氯就好了。
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When it breaks this bond, that chlorine atom, a free chlorine atom comes down and reacts, this is ozone, with the ozone in the upper atmosphere.
当它打破这个化学键，氯原子，一个自由的氯原子下来,和在大气层的上方的臭氧反应，这就是臭氧，在大气上层有臭氧。
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And that is an Erlenmeyer flask that has been filled with chlorine and sodium has been added to it.
那是厄伦美厄烧瓶,已经被氯气和钠,填满了。
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I think I had managed to get to this point here where I show what happens when the cation, here sodium, is in contact with the anion here, chlorine.
我想我能回到这儿,当阳离子，在这里是钠，和阴离子，氯离子接触会发生什么。
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So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.
那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。
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He saw that if you take the atomic mass of chlorine, 2 add it to the atomic mass of iodine, divide by two, you get something that is really close to the atomic mass of bromine.
他看到，如果你将氯的原子质量，加上碘的原子质量，除以，得到的数将与,溴的原子质量很接近。
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I heard some people say one, and that's a good guess, remember they're actually sharing. So these two electrons, they belong to chlorine, they also belong to hydrogen, but they do, in fact, belong to chlorine as well.
我听到有些人说的是一个，这是个很好的猜测，但要记得它们其实是被共用的，因此有两个电子，它们属于氯，同时也属于氢，但实际上它们也属于氯。
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So, if we have energy that's released, would you say that the chlorine ion is more or less stable than the chlorine atom?
那么，如果我们放出了能量，你认为氯离子比氯原子,更稳定还是更不稳定呢？
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So, the sodium over here and the chlorine over here, they will be attracted to one another.
当钠离子和氯离子在一块时，它们会相互吸引。
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All right. So it's 7 that are in chlorine, it's the same as fluorine or any of the others in that row or in that group rather.
好，氯有七个，跟氟或者在那一列,的其它元素一样。
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That is to say I can now reroute that sodium plus chlorine reaction and go a different way, but I still end up with the same change in energy.
也就是说，我可以重新定义一种,钠与氯的反应途径,从另一种途径来实现反应，但是能量的变化过程相同。
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And so you can imagine that if you mix these, if you take sodium and you mix it with chlorine you get sodium chloride.
如果将它们混合，以钠和氯反应为例,就会反应得到氯化钠。
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Cl If we wanted to get the chlorine, we could just put the chlorine over here, and we'd measure another radius there.
如果是，把Cl放这里，我们就可以测量另一个半径。
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He said look at sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium.
他说，看，钠，镁，铝，硅，磷，硫磺，氯，钾。
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If it could gain one more electron, then chlorine would be iso-electronic with argon.
如果它能得到另一个电子，它就能和氩一样是电绝缘。
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So, we'll put chlorine over here.
所以，我们把氯放在这。
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Its ionization would be I take one of the electrons on chlorine and throw it away.
这个离子化的过程就是,从钠原子中取出一个电子,并扔掉。
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And we know that chlorine is very aggressive when it comes to electrons.
而且我们知道遇到电子时,氯是非常活泼的。
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So, if you start with sodium vapor and chlorine gas, electron transfer will occur.
所以，如果从以钠蒸汽和氯气开始，电子传递就会发生了。
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