There's no change in them, and then we also looked at some at non-state functions, work and heat, and saw that those aren't zero going around a cycle. Of course you can do work in a cyclic process, and heat can be exchanged with the environment at the same time.

它们不会有变化，然后我们研究了,一些非态函数，功和热量，并看到,沿着循环行进一周的话,它们并不是零，当然你可以在,一个循环过程中做功，而同时热量可以在系统,与外界环境之间进行交换。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Of course, the cyclic steps that we've taken to do this apply not just for breaking down reactants and product into the elements in their standards states, but of course we could also look at whole sets of reactions and write cycles as well, right.

当然，我们这里用的循环的,步骤不仅仅在把生成物,和反应物拆成其标准状态下,的元素时有效,我们也可以研究整个一系列,反应并写出相应循环。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now you start a process, a cyclic process, where the first step in the process is denaturing the DNA.

然后你就可以开始一个循环步骤,第一步是使DNA变性

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

As cyclic AMP levels rise inside the cell, something about cell behavior changes.

细胞内cAMP水平升高,细胞行为就会发生一些改变

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you have two different ligands stimulating two different receptors, and one causes activation of this enzyme and generation of cyclic AMP, cyclic AMP levels will start to rise.

如果有两种不同的配体,刺激不同的受体,一种能够活化酶,并促进生成cAMP,cAMP的水平就会升高

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When a certain enzyme is activated inside cells, ATP gets converted into a molecule called cyclic AMP, and cyclic AMP is an example of one of these molecules called second messengers.

细胞内的某种酶被激活后,ATP就能转化为一种叫cAMP的分子,cAMP是一种第二信使分子的范例

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If another receptor operating from a different ligand does the same thing, generates an enzyme which causes cyclic AMP to increase, the rate of cyclic AMP increase is going to go up faster than if only one of these was activated.

如果受另一种配体激活的受体,能够完成相同的过程,即激活一种能够促进cAMP生成的酶,cAMP的生成速率会比,只有其中之一被激活时更加快

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选