So, that's what is meant by the term, Dark Ages, and that's what does follow the fall of the Mycenaean world.

那么,这就是这个术语的含义,黑暗时代,它紧随着,迈锡尼文明的陨落到来

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

First of all, if we want to know about the Dark Ages, what sources do we have available to us?

首先,如果我们想了解黑暗时代,我们有什么资料可寻呢

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

One of them is how the Greeks in the late Dark Ages and in the period in which the polis emerges, made their living.

其中之一是,在黑暗时代末期,以及城邦初现的萌芽时期,希腊人民,是如何生存的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The key line in the society of the Dark Ages appears to be certainly not between monarchy and everybody else, but between nobility and commoners.

黑暗时代的社会中,最重要的主线,显然不是君主阶级和平民们之间,而是贵族和平民之间

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Next time we'll take a look at the Dark Ages and the world of Homer.

下一节课我们会学习,黑暗时代和荷马所在的世界

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Was it the world that succeeded that Bronze Age that we call the Dark Ages?

还是之后被我们称作黑暗时代的世界呢

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Now, in some time in that period of the Dark Ages, and Hanson would suggest, I think, probably around the eighth century is the greatest transition.

有时候在黑暗时代,我认为汉森同样会表明,大概在八世纪,人类历史经历了最伟大的转变

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

That is because in the Dark Ages we don't have any writing.

这是因为在黑暗时代,没有什么保留下来的文字

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

That's where you start; that's the Dark Ages.

这就是黑暗年代

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Typically, we speak of the Bronze Age, the Mycenaean Period and so on, followed by the Dark Ages, but after that,you started having refined terms which derive actually from the world of the history of art.

通常,我们会说,青铜时代,迈锡尼文明时代,等等,之后是黑暗时代,但是在那之后,开始有精确的术语来界定时代,这些术语实际上源于艺术史的领域

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Another thing that is interesting is that when you look at the burials of Greeks in the post-Mycenaean period, in the Dark Ages, there's nothing resembling those grand tombs and the wealth that's buried in them for the dead.

还有件很有趣的事,就是在黑暗时代迈锡尼后期,君主的陵墓中没有与其身份相称的陪葬品,没有为来生准备的金银财宝

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

That explains, in large part, why there was such a decline in population, why the Dark Ages were so dark, lots of poverty, lots of starvation, but also, as I suggested when I spoke of this earlier, also the freedom if you could make it, to learn and also to grow stronger.

这解释了,在绝大部分地区,为什么存在着这一类的人口消减,为什么黑暗时代如此黑暗,如此贫困,如此多的饥荒,但是同时,就如在我之前所提到的,同样可以,如果做得到的话,去学习以及使自身强大

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Another characteristic of these years, which scholars refer to as the Dark Ages, just as they do the years after the fall of the Roman Empire-- dark for two reasons. Dark, in the most obvious way, because we don't have any writing, no record of them.

这也是这段时期的另一个特征,学者们称之为,黑暗时代,他们也是这么称呼,罗马帝国陷落后的那段时期的,称黑暗主要有两个原因,黑暗,最明显的理由,是因为我们没有任何关于他们的史料和记录

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选