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They're plainly interrelated in a variety of ways, but it's more to the question of determinism I want to return today.
在很多方面他们都相互联系，但是今天我要多谈点有关决定论的问题。
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This question of determinism is as important in the discourse of literary theory as the question of skepticism.
在文学理论的话语中,决定论的问题和怀疑论的问题是同等重要的。
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And intuitively, it seems plausible to many people that you couldn't have free will and be subject to determinism.
从直觉上讲,对于很多人来说,你不可能既有自由意志又服从于决定论
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And some real biological determinism comes in here.
一些生理决定论也源自于这儿。
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It follows, if nothing subject to determinism has free will, but we have free will, it follows that we're not subject to determinism.
得到结论,如果任何遵守决定论的实体,都没有自由意志,但我们有自由意志,那就表明我们不遵守决定论
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No physical object that's subject to determinism could have free will, so we don't have free will.
而遵循决定论的物理实体,是没有自由意志的,所以人没有自由意志
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They might say, "Oh, well, you know, we're physical objects; determinism is true of us.
有人会说,人是物理实体,我们服从于决定论
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Premise two was the incompatibilist claim that, "Nothing subject to determinism has free will."
前提二是一种不相容论的主张,即,任何遵从决定论的东西,都没有有自由意志
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Because after all, premise three: 'All purely physical systems are subject to determinism.' Isn't it true after all that the basic laws of physics are deterministic laws?
毕竟,按照前提三,所有纯粹的物理系统都遵从决定论,基本的物理定律,难道不都是决定性的吗
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Suppose we then add three, all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
假设我们再往后添加第三点,所有纯物理系统都遵守决定论
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What about premise number three, "All purely physical systems are subject to determinism."
来说说前提三吧,所有纯粹的物理体系都遵从决定论
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It just isn't true that all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
那么所有的纯粹物理系统,都遵从决定论就是错的了
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Well, one and two gave us that we are not subject to determinism.
那好,一和二说我们不遵守决定论
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Now, as I said last time, the subject of free will--or free will, determinism, causation and responsibility, this cluster of problems-- is an extremely difficult and complicated physical problem.
正如我上次所说的,自由意志这个主题 或者说自由意志,决定论,因果论,责任,这一堆问题,是极端困难和复杂的物理问题
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Suppose we think, "Look, you can't have free will and determinism.
让我们想想看,人不能既有自由意志又遵从决定论
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So even if determinism were true of us, that wouldn't rule out our having free will, because you can-- appearances to the contrary notwithstanding-- have both determinism and free will.
所以即使我们真的服从于决定论,那也不能排除我们有自由意志的可能,因为你能,尽管表面看来并非如此,同时遵从决定论和拥有自由意志
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Three says, all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
三说,所有纯物理系统都遵守决定论
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Determinism is not true at the level of fundamental physics.
而决定论在基础物理学范畴内并不正确
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If we accept compatibilism, we'll be able to say, "Look, maybe we have free will and determinism is true of us; but for all that, we're still just purely physical systems."
如果我们接受相容主义,我们就能说,看啊,或许我们拥有自由意志,而决定论也适用于我们,但尽管如此,我们仍旧只是纯粹的物理系统
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Three, all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
三,所有纯粹的物理系统都服从于决定论
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There are philosophers-- and here I'll tip my hat and say, I'm one of them--there are philosophers who believe that, in fact, the idea of free will is not incompatible with determinism.
有哲学家,这里我要对他们敬意并声明,我也是他们中的一员,有哲学家相信,事实上,自由意志的观点,和决定论并非是不相容的
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Two, nothing subject to determinism has free will.
二,任何服从决定论的实体都没有自由意志
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You can't have determinism and free will.
人不能既服从决定论又有自由意志
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Well, that's what determinism is all about.
这就是决定论的含义
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So if we were to spell out the argument somewhat more fully, it might be, "We have free will, but you can't both have free will and be subject to determinism or subject to deterministic laws."
因此我们要更完整地阐述这个论证的话,它应该是,人有自由意志,但人不能既有自由意志,又遵从决定论 或服从确定性的定律
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If determinism isn't true of us at the fundamental level, then even if you couldn't both have determinism and free will, we could still have free will, and yet, for all that, still be purely physical systems.
如果决定论在基础水平上不适用于我们,那即使你不能,同时遵从决定论和拥有自由意志,我们仍能拥有自由意志,而且,尽管如此,我们仍旧属于纯粹的物理系统
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So even if it does turn out that you can't have free will and determinism, that doesn't rule out the possibility that we are purely physical objects, because not all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
因此即使最终证实,你不能同时拥有自由意志和遵从决定论,也不能排除我们是纯粹,物理实体的可能性,因为并不是所有的纯粹物理系统,都遵从决定论
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After all, determinism, right?
毕竟,我们相信决定论,不是吗
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