We also need some measure of-- We've been talking here about measures of central tendency only and in finance we need, as well, measures of dispersion, which is how much something varies.

我们也需要其他的指标,目前为止,我们只讨论了集中趋势指标,在金融学中,我们同样需要,离散趋势指标以衡量参数的变化程度

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So, that completes central tendency and dispersion.

这样我们就介绍完了集中趋势和离散趋势

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The hedge fund world is 7.1% first to third quartile, real estate 9.3% per annum, leveraged buyouts 13.7% per annum this is over a ten-year period, so now we're starting to talk about some pretty significant dispersion.

在对冲基金中,这个差距有7.1%,不动产投资中的差距是9.3%,杠杆收购中是每年13.7%,以上都是十年期收益,我们现在谈的是,一些显著的差距

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

If you look at the behavior of groups of active managers and the dispersion of returns, I think it gives you some idea of what the efficiency is with which assets in these individual assets classes are priced.

如果观察一下主动管理型的基金经理们,和他们的投资收益分布,我想它会告诉你一些信息,哪些资产是有效定价

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选