So although I'm trying to sketch the dualist position, as I explained on Tuesday, I don't myself believe in souls.

尽管我在尝试去概述,二元论的观点,就像我在周二所说的,我自己并不相信灵魂

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Though it does seem, from this dualist perspective, as though souls are located, I'm sort of viewing the world from here.

虽然看起来,就二元论观点而言,灵魂是有位置的,我可以从这里看到世界

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And this is no surprise if what we are is the workings of our physical brains, but it is extremely difficult to explain if one is a dualist.

如果我们的本质就是生理大脑的活动,那这也就没什么可惊奇的,但对于二元论者来说,解释这些却是非常困难的

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So orthodoxy is definitively dualist.

因此正统基督教绝对是相信两元论的。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

One possible explanation, the dualist, that's the ghost of your mother, immaterial soul that she is, communicating to you while you're asleep.

一个可能的解释,二元论者会说,那是你妈妈的鬼魂,她是一个非物质的灵魂,在你睡觉的时候跟你交流

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I don't feel I've got any sort of account going here as to how consciousness works, even if I become a dualist.

我觉得就算我是一个二元论者,我也还是不懂这番对于意识的解释

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

if we had a dualist explanation with some details really worked out, maybe we'd have to say, "Look, this is the better explanation."

如果我们拥有一个,既可行又详尽的二元论解释,也许我们就会说,看哪,这才是更好的解释

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

The dualist position is that the mind is a soul and the soul is an immaterial object.

二元论认为心灵就是灵魂,而灵魂是一种非物质实体

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Plato, as a dualist, portrays Socrates as being a dualist and that's just taken for granted.

作为一个二元论者,柏拉图理所当然地,把苏格拉底塑造成一个二元论者

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

But I don't think what we should say is, "The better explanation lies with the dualist."

但我们也不能说,二元论的解释更好

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Now, I think the best response on the part of the dualist to this reply is to distinguish two aspects of feelings, two aspects of emotions.

现在,我认为二元论者对这一答复的,最好回应,就是区分感受的两方面,情绪的两个方面

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

The dualist view, according to which a person is a body and a soul.

二元论认为,人是由肉体和灵魂两部分组成

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So that's I think the position that we ought to ascribe to the dualist.

所以我认为,这应归入二元论者的立场

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

When I use the word "Soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.

当我用"灵魂"这个词时,我会采用二元论思路,因为他们认为,灵魂是非物质,非物理的

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Dualist, of course, because there's two basic components-- the body and the soul.

之所以是二元论,因为它由两个基本组成部分,肉体和灵魂

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

The dualist can explain that by appealing to ghosts and the like.

二元论者可以诉诸鬼魂之类的来解释

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

If the very idea of soul that we're working with here under the dualist picture is the soul as an immaterial substance, it's not made of ordinary atomic matter.

如果关于我们正在讨论的,观点是建立在二元论的基础上,即灵魂是非物质实体,它并非由一般的原子物质组成

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

If the dualist comes and says, "Can't you just see that it's not remotely possible, it's not conceivably possible, for a purely physical object to have experiences, to have qualia?"

如果是二元论者,他们则会走过来说,你没觉得吗,一个纯粹的物理对象,能够拥有体验和感受性的可能性,简直微乎其微,就连想想都觉得难以置信

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I don't actually think that the dualist view is correct.

我并不相信二元论的正确性

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

The question we need to turn to-- I take it that just as the dualist view is a familiar one, so it's true that the physicalist view is a familiar one.

需要注意的是,如果说二元论是一种熟知的观点,那么物理主义的观点其实也很常见

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

There's the dualist view--people are bodies and souls.

二元论认为,人由肉体和灵魂组成

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

That's something physicalist or dualist can say but and this is not of--to make a good promise they offered earlier, it's not the only view available to physicalists, or for that matter dualists.

物理主义学者或二元论者都可认同,这个观点，但如同他们之前提到的,这并不是物理主义学者眼中,唯一存在的理论，二元论者也是如此。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

No harm would be done if we call it a mind, though the reason I will typically talk about a soul is to try to flag the crucial point of the dualist view.

我们叫它心灵是完全可以的,我之所以重点强调,灵魂是为了,标识出二元论的重要论点

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

On the dualist view, what was death?

二元论认为,什么是死亡

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So suppose I was a dualist.

假设我是二元论者。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

If the dualist were to start offering us some elaborate theory of consciousness, "Well, there's these sorts of soul structures, and those sorts of soul structures, and these create these sensations and those create those sensations.

如果二元论者试图,为我们提供一个详尽的意识理论学说,你看,这是灵魂的什么什么结构,那是灵魂的什么什么结构,这些产生了这种感觉,那些产生了那种感觉

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

The two views we are going to focus on are, on the one hand, the dualist view- people have souls as well as bodies-- and the physicalist view-- all we have, all we are, are bodies.

我们将要关注的两种观点是,一个是二元论,人们既有肉体亦有灵魂,另一个是物理主义,我们所拥有的,我们所存在的,只是肉体而已

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And what the physicalist would need to do for each one of those-- For each one of those you can imagine a dualist who says, "We need to believe in a soul so as to explain seances.

对于这些东西,物理主义者该怎么做,对于这些,你可以想到二元论者会说,我们需要相信有灵魂才能解释通灵

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

We now have two rival explanations, the soul, dualist, explanation that we went into the other world and the physicalist, promissory note that we can explain the white lights and the feeling of euphoria and seeing your body from a distance in physical terms.

我们现在有两个对立的解释,二元论解释是灵魂,因此我们进入,到了另一个世界的,而物理主义,从物理角度,用期票解释了,白光,兴奋的感觉,以及在远处看到自己身体的现象

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Now, if we push the dualist to explain what is it about free will that rules out the possibility that we are merely physical objects, I think the natural suggestion to spell out the argument goes like this, and this is where we were at the end of last time.

现在如果我们让二元论者去解释,什么是自由意志,它又是如何否定,人仅仅是物理实体这种可能性的,我认为他们自然会这样,阐述这个论证,这是就我们在上节课结束时讲到的内容

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选