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So on the personality theory, I did not exist when that fertilized egg came into being, when the egg and the sperm joined.
所以在人格理论上，卵子受精的时候我还不存在，卵子和精子结合时。
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During development of the embryo it goes from being a single cell, the fertilized egg, to being a multi-cellular organism with billions of cells in it.
胚胎的发育,始于一个单一细胞,即受精卵,直到形成一个以十亿计数量的细胞构成的,多细胞有机体
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And that certainly wasn't true way back at the start of A, as the fertilized egg first begins to split and multiply, subdivide and make organs.
显然不是在A阶段这么早就开始的，当受精的卵子开始分裂繁殖，继续分裂，形成器官。
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There's only one source for that, there's only one source of that fertilized egg.
它的来源只有一个,受精卵的来源是唯一的
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We started the discussion talking about the zygote or the fertilized egg.
我们是从,受精卵或者受精卵子说起的
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The zygote or this fertilized egg is a completely undifferentiated cell.
受精卵,或者说已受精的卵子,是一个完全未分化的细胞
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Those two examples I just gave you, one had to directly inject a gene containing vector into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg and you don't have that opportunity in adults.
在我刚给出的两个例子里,一个必须得将带有目的基因的载体,直接注射到受精卵的原核中,这在成年人身上行不通
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You could do the same thing in mammals and here's one quick example of that, using a different kind of a vector, but inserting a gene into the fertilized egg of a mammal, in this case, a sheep.
你也能在哺乳动物上做到同样的效果,这里有另一个简短的例子,用了另一种载体,把一段基因注入哺乳动物的受精卵中,在这里我们用了绵羊
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One of the ways that it's used is to take the fertilized egg from an animal, a mouse, usually it's a mouse and inject in a vector that contains a gene that is involved in human disease of some sort.
其中一种应用就是,从动物,一般是老鼠体内取出受精卵,注入某种质粒,这种质粒带有与某些人类疾病相关的基因
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The cell is a fertilized egg, so you take a fertilized egg and you directly inject plasma DNA into the pronucleus, into one of the pronucleus--pronuclei.
供试细胞是受精卵,当你获得一枚受精卵,可以直接将胞质DNA注射到,它的一个原核中
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All of the cells that are reproduced during development are the same in certain ways, they contain the same DNA, they're all progeny of the same fertilized egg, but differences are acquired within specific cell populations during the process of development.
所有在发育过程中繁殖的细胞,在某些方面都是一样的,它们都有相同的DNA,都是同一个受精卵的后代,但是分化是在特定细胞类群,发育过程中必不可少的
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In this case, if everything goes right, you inject the DNA into the pronucleus, you implant this fertilized egg into a foster mother, the mother gives birth to offspring, it develops and when it develops this foreign DNA is in the offspring.
如此一来,如果一切顺利,DNA成功注射进原核,受精卵成功植入代孕母亲,成功的孕育了后代,后代健健康康的长大,目的基因就成功的整合进了后代的基因组
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This one cell, this one fertilized cell which is unique because it's the - its chromosome contains the combination of the sperm and the egg, develops into an embryo and then on birth develops into a human.
这个受精卵,是独一无二的,因为它的染色体,包含了精子和卵子的组合,并由此发育成为一个胚胎,之后形成一个人类个体
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