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Hydrogen gas it's in its most stable state, right at room temperature and pressure.
和常压下氢气是氢元素，最稳定的状态，这个小“0“
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If we get the pressure in there just right, we will allow for gas electron collisions and then we get the glow that ultimately was sent through the slits.
如果我们把气压设置在一个适当程度，把气体电子碰撞也算在里面,我们得到的炽热,最终将通过裂缝传送。
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You've got to put more pressure on one side than the other if you want to push that gas through the throttle, right? So this is where the time scale issue comes into play.
如果你想让更多的气体通过节流阀,应该使一边的压强,大于另一边，是吗？所以这就是,时间尺度发挥作用的地方。
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So, you do this measurement, you measure with the gas, you measure the pressure and the molar volume.
现在让压强趋于，现在测量气体的压强，和摩尔体积。
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If we have too much gas in here, in other words, if the gas is at too high a pressure, the collisions with the gas molecules will consume the energy of the electrons and, again, we will see nothing.
假设这里有过多气体，换句话说，如果气体处在一个高压状态下，气体分子间的碰撞将会消耗,电子的能量，同样，什么也没有。
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If I place my container of gas on the table here, and I come back an hour later, the pressure needs to be the same when I come back Otherwise it's not equilibrium.
如果我把装气体的容器放在桌子上，一小时以后我再回来时,气体的压强应该是不变的,否则它就不是平衡的。
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If I've got a gas in a container, the pressure of the gas has to be the same everywhere in the container, otherwise it's not equilibrium.
如果把气体装进容器里，容器内各处气体的压强,应该是一样的，否则它就不是平衡的。
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How many moles of gas are there in each case, in reactants and products? If that changes, of course you know that the pressure in there is going to change at constant volume if the amount of gas in there is changing.
在反应物和生成物中，各有多少摩尔的气体？,如果它发生了变化,当然在等体条件下，如果气体的总量,发生了变化，压强也会发生变化。
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Now in this particular reaction, I've got hydrogen gas, iron solid. Those already are elements in their most stable forms at room temperature and pressure.
特定的反应中，我有氢气,固态铁，这些都已经是,处于室温和常压下,最稳定的元素单质。
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And what is inside the gas discharge tube is gas at low pressure.
气体放电管里,有处于低压下的气体。
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OK, you use the ideal gas law, etc., then you get a relationship that connects the pressure and the temperature, like here we got a relationship that connected the temperatures and the volumes together.
我们会得到，一个联系初末态,的压强和温度的，关系式,就像这个联系过程中。
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Now, if this is an ideal gas, we know that pressure is equal to nRT over volume.
如果这是一个理想气体系统，我们知道压强等于nRT除以体积。
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Stays a gas, but now the pressure is less, the temperature is less.
它仍然是气态但现在压强变小了，温度降低了。
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So expansion work, for instance, or compression work, is if you have a piston with a gas in it. All right, you put a pressure on this piston here, and you compress the gas down. This is compression work.
力乘以距离，就是功，功有许多种：,电可以做功,驱动电机与电风扇,磁力也可以做功。
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Or in many kinds of gas refrigerators where you push a gas through a nozzle close to room temperature, what you find is that the gas coming out on the other side under lower pressure is cooler than the gas that went through on the other side.
或者在很多种压缩气体式冰箱中,你让气体通过接近室温的管口,你会发现从压力低的一边,出来的气体比通过,另一边的气体更冷,真正的冰箱实际上通过。
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If p2, the pressure in p2, is less than the pressure in p1, is the gas going to want to go from p2 to p1 and the whole thing reverse back?
比p1中的压强小,在整个逆向过程中气体,会从p2到p1中去吗？
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I'm pressing on the gas. So I expect that to be a positive number. The pressure is constant 0 p. The V goes from V1 to zero.
我们对气体加压,所以这应该是一个正数,压强是常数，p，V从V1变成。
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This is the pressure that you're applying against the piston, not the pressure of the gas.
最后等于Pext乘以体积,面积乘以距离得到体积。
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So we're going to start with a mole of gas, V at some pressure, some volume, T temperature and some mole so V, doing it per mole, and we're going to do two paths here.
假设有1摩尔气体，具有一点的压强p，体积，温度，我们将让它，经过两条不同的路径。
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