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They were looking for differences in gene expression in the guts of the bees.
VOA: special.2009.09.22
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I ended with this picture that shows you a little bit about control of gene expression.
我用这幅图结束了上一节课,图上讲了一些关于基因表达调控的内容
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Gene expression, for us, will mean the same thing as production of a particular protein.
对我们来说,基因表达就等于合成特定的蛋白质
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The last thing I want to talk about today is control of gene expression.
今天我们要讨论的最后一个问题,是基因表达的调控
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Then you could imagine blocking gene expression would be a therapy.
这样你们就会认为,阻止基因的表达是一种治疗手段了
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So it's not just knowing what genes or figuring out ways to look at gene expression, it's figuring out how this expression of key genes affects the fate of the individual.
所以我们不仅仅是要了解那些基因能致病,也不仅是要弄明白基因的表达方式,更要搞清楚这种关键基因的表达,如何影响个人命运
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Control of gene expression is a very big topic and so I'm going to show you one cartoon to sort of tell you that it is a big topic that's really important.
基因表达的调控是个大课题,我给你们放一些动画,好让你们理解,其涉及范围之广,意义之重
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Why is control of gene expression important?
为什么说对基因表达的调控是非常重要呢
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How is gene expression controlled?
基因表达如何调控呢
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I want you to look at this picture, read the little bit about gene - control of gene expression - that's in the book, know that it's a big topic, that we're not going to talk about it except we're going to talk about some examples where control of gene expression can be exploited in order to treat diseases, for example. So I'll see you on Thursday.
所以我希望你能看一下这张图,读一些,教材里基因调控的章节,这是个很大的话题,我们不会进一步深入去探讨,但一些基因调控,用以治疗疾病的例子,我们可能还会在之后的课程中讲到,那我们周四见了
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The nucleus contains all the DNA, and so the early stages of gene expression, transcription, happened inside the nucleus where all the DNA is.
NA都在细胞核里,所以早期的基因表达,转录,发生在将所有DNA,都包于其中的细胞核中
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When we talk about gene expression than we're talking about this whole sequence of events I just described: transcription, RNA processing, translation to make the protein.
当我们谈到基因表达的时候,我们就是在讨论,一系列我们刚才提到的过程,即转录,RNA加工,翻译成蛋白质
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One of the forms of processing that happens, that's very important in human gene expression is that some of the sections of the DNA molecule are not really necessary for describing the protein.
在人类的基因表达中,有一种非常重要的加工形式,那就是在DNA分子中有一些片段,对于编码蛋白质而言毫无用处
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So this might be a longer lasting, more permanent form of elimination of expression of a particular gene.
所以这似乎是一种持续时间更长,更长久地阻止某个特定基因表达的方法
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What you could do then, if you could deliver these red colored molecules here is you could stop specifically the expression of this particular gene in these particular cells.
接下来你能做的是,如果你能将这些红色的分子送到这里,就能够特异地阻止,特定细胞中特定基因的表达
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When this bound receptor interacts with DNA it could, for example, turn on expression of a target gene.
该受体与DNA结合后能够,启动目标基因的表达
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