This doctor believes that low glucose levels in the blood lead to hallucinations.

VOA: special.2010.02.24

Glucose has to get into cells, that's the main source of energy source that cells use, metabolism of glucose.

但葡萄糖又必须进入细胞,因为它是细胞能量的主要来源,即通过葡萄糖代谢产生能量

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone, it's a protein hormone that circulates in all of our bodies and regulates glucose metabolism.

胰岛素是人体自身产生的一种激素,它是一种蛋白质激素,遍布全身,并调节糖代谢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

People with type 1, or juvenile,diabetes must keep a watchful eye on their blood glucose levels because their pancreases are not working normally.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

If you look at sources of these different carbohydrates, the glucose comes from fruit.

如果你研究这些不同碳水化合物的出处,水果中含有葡萄糖

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

The pancreas is an organ that in healthy people secretes insulin to convert glucose into energy.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

Because maybe you ate more glucose than you needed immediately and so it goes into cells that can store glucose.

因为你摄入的糖可能比你需要的糖更多,因此它们就进入那些有储糖能力的细胞中

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Researchers adjusted their computer algorithm to the slower insulin absorption rate and on a repeat experiment blood glucose was tightly controlled in all of the subjects.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

So, when there is extra glucose you want to put it into the cells that can use it immediately.

当有额外的糖分存在时,能迅速利用糖分的细胞就开始摄取糖分

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The artificial pancreas kept glucose levels within the target range for six participants.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

It does so because there are some molecules in the surface of the membrane that allow glucose to move in and out.

而这个过程的完成依赖于,膜表面存在的一些分子,这些分子能够将葡萄糖运进或者运出细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

"because the fat mass can induce changes that are metabolically bad, like an increase in glucose or insulin, also an increase in fat,blood fats, like triglycerides or cholesterol."

VOA: standard.2010.07.08

When it does your pancreas receives a signal that your blood glucose has started to go up, and it will secrete insulin.

这时你的胰腺会收到信号,你的血糖水平开始升高了,它就会分泌胰岛素

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

"The insulin pumps exist, the continuous glucose monitors exist.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

So, there are cells in your pancreas which recognize glucose levels and they secrete insulin in response.

你的胰腺细胞能够,识别血糖水平,并分泌胰岛素作为反馈

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The computer program continuously takes in data from a glucose monitor inserted into a patient's vein and calculates the dose of artificial insulin that needs to be infused through an insulin pump.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

Under the monosaccharides, glucose, fructose and galactose are the sugars.

单糖包括,葡萄糖,果糖,以及半乳糖

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

"What we found was that high blood pressure,smoking, overweight/obesity and high blood glucose account for five years of loss of life expectancy in men and about four years in women at the national level."

VOA: standard.2010.04.08

Well, how does glucose uptake get enhanced in those cells?

那么这些细胞是如何增强血糖摄取能力的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Failure to maintain tight control of glucose levels - by measuring blood sugar with a meter and compensating with doses of insulin - can result in serious health complications, including blindness, kidney failure and heart disease.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

So, that brings your glucose level down.

这就导致了血糖水平的降低

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The pump developed by researchers is a double pump - in addition to insulin, it automatically secretes glucagon, a hormone that taps glucose reserves in the liver, raising blood sugar levels when they get too low, a condition called hypoglycemia.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

Now when you want to maintain good health, high peaks, high spikes in blood glucose and the insulin response that provokes is not a very good thing, and so the red line is a far healthier way to be than the yellow line is.

如果你想保持健康,血糖和胰岛素都出现高峰值,这对健康来说可不是好事,红线要比黄线更健康

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Glucose is a great example of that and we're going to come back to that a little bit later in the lecture.

葡萄糖就是一个很好的例子,我们会在稍后讲解这个内容

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In order for glucose to enter our body it has to go through the cells.

如果葡萄糖要进入身体,它必须穿过上皮细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Because of that, if I eat something that's rich in glucose, so it has lots of sugar molecules, the sugar molecules can't pass between the cells.

因此,如果我吃了富含葡萄糖的食物,尽管其含有很多的糖分子,但糖分子不能从细胞间通过

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Diabetics whose pancreas does not function properly, so don't make enough insulin, don't have enough insulin present for normal glucose metabolism so they can't handle sugars properly.

糖尿病人的胰脏功能失调,因此胰岛素分泌不足,影响了正常的血糖代谢,所以他们不能正常地调节血糖

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, why does it increase uptake of glucose into muscle cells?

那么,肌细胞为什么要增加糖的摄取

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In order for it to get inside the cells and go through them there have to be transporters which specifically allow glucose to pass into the cell and then out into our body.

为使其能进入并穿过细胞,肠上皮必须具有葡萄糖特异性的转运蛋白,使葡萄糖能够穿过细胞进入体内

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Those are called glucose transporters.

这些分子叫做葡萄糖转运载体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选