She is Hepatitis B-positive. "My cousin,who was born in China, actually got very upset and said, 'Please don't talk about it.

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

You've all been immunized for Hepatitis B, would you be happy to hear that that's where your Hepatitis B vaccine came from?

你们都对乙型肝炎具有免疫力了,如果你知道你的乙型肝炎疫苗,是从何而来的话,你还会高兴的起来吗

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The Hepatitis B subunit vaccine was produced at the same time that HIV-AIDS was being recognized as a problem in this country.

在乙肝亚基疫苗研制出来的同时,在该国家艾滋病开始被视为问题

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

"Hepatitis B is the silent killer because most people who are chronically infected may not be aware of the infection."

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

You know that there is a vaccine for hepatitis B, for example, which is on this list.

比如,你们知道现在有乙肝疫苗,它就在这个表上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's no known cure for hepatitis B, although the virus can be kept in check with anti-viral medicines.

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

Then, your muscle cells would start producing Hepatitis B surface antigen and your immune system recognizing that's a foreign protein would start responding to it.

于是,肌肉细胞将会,开始制造乙肝表面抗原,然后免疫系统就会识别出,那是外来蛋白质并且产生免疫应答

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

"This is really tragic on a global scale, there's really major neglect about hepatitis B.

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

What if I collect that blood from patients that are already infected with Hepatitis B, purify the Hepatitis B protein, and inject that back into people?

如果我采集那些乙肝患者的血液,抽提出乙肝病毒的蛋白质,并且将其回注入人体内,将会如何呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

For now,the battle against hepatitis B is concentrated in communities with large Asian populations.

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

Well, one way to get proteins, and it was first used in Hepatitis B, is to find patients, find individuals who are already infected with Hepatitis B.

获得蛋白质的方法之一,也是首次用于制造乙型肝炎疫苗的方法,就是寻找患者,寻找到一些已经感染乙肝的患者

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The hepatitis B virus is found in blood and bodily fluids.

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

Well, this is an approach that's been used in a variety of vaccines, most successfully with Hepatitis B, so the problem is where do you get these proteins?

这种方式,已经为许多种疫苗使用,乙型肝炎疫苗是最成功的,但问题是该从哪里获得这些蛋白质呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

a result of his life-long infection with hepatitis B.

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

Then, you could get the Hepatitis B protein expressed in your cells.

那样的话,就可以令,乙肝病毒蛋白质在细胞中进行表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Of the blood that has to be destroyed, almost half is caused by the presence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C,and syphilis, while the other half is due to problems in the collection process.

VOA: standard.2010.06.04

In that case, we took the gene for the Hepatitis B protein.

在此种情况下,我们将乙肝病毒的基因同蛋白质外壳分离

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Hepatitis B carries a stigma.

VOA: standard.2010.07.26

And you've all been vaccinated, I would guess, for hepatitis B.

我猜,你们都接种过乙肝疫苗了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

"Three hundred and fifty million human beings in the world are infected with Hepatitis-B virus.

VOA: standard.2010.02.16

Why do you need three doses of Hepatitis B?

为什么你需要三支重组乙肝疫苗呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So if you could make a hepatitis B vaccine that didn't require a shot or that didn't require refrigeration, that would be a tremendous advance in spreading that vaccine through the world.

所以如果你可以开发出这样的乙肝疫苗,它不需注射就能接种,或者不需要冷藏,这样的巨大进步,能够将疫苗的使用普及至全世界

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It turns out in the case of Hepatitis B, the way the lifecycle proceeds-- the cells make too much of the protein and not all of it gets assembled into the virus.

结果显示,在乙肝的病案中,病毒生命周期的发展情况,细胞制造了大量的蛋白质,但并不是所有的蛋白质都会组合成病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, if you look in the blood of patients that are infected with Hepatitis B you find a lot of Hepatitis B surface subunits, proteins without the nucleic acid circulating in their blood.

因此,如果你观察一下,已经感染乙肝病毒患者的血液,你会发现许多乙肝病毒的表面亚基,以及血液循环中存在没有核酸的蛋白质

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Yeast cells were grown in large numbers with this plasmid inside, they expressed the plasmid and so you made Hepatitis B surface antigen not in people but in cell culture where it was not normally formed.

体内携带这种质粒的酵母细胞大量增殖,它们表达质粒,因此,乙型肝炎表面抗原不是在人体内,而是在细胞培养环境下,以非正常方式形成的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, that particular sub unit vaccine was only used in people that are at high risk for acquiring Hepatitis B, that is, people that work in healthcare situations that are exposed to blood routinely as part of their job.

因此,那些特殊的亚基疫苗当时仅用于,极有可能感染乙肝的高危病人身上,也就是那些在日常工作中,频繁的接触血液的健康护理人员

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The Hepatitis B vaccine I talked about before produced by recombinant DNA technologies, called Recombivax HB, that's one version of it.

我曾经提到过的通过DNA重组技术,制造的乙型肝炎疫苗,被称作重组乙型肝炎疫苗,那是该疫苗的型号之一

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There weren't people that got infected, like you can get infected with hepatitis B or tuberculosis, and not even know you're infected.

这不像人们感染了,像B型肝炎或者肺结核这类病时,都有可能不知道自己被感染了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选