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We don't have to just stick with carbon, we can think about describing other types of atoms as well using this hybridization.
我们不用局限于碳，我们可以考虑利用杂化轨道,描述其它类型的原子。
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The pasting back together occurs partly naturally by this process of hybridization, but hybridization only re-establishes the base pairing.
片段和载体的重新粘合一定程度上,是通过杂交自然发生的,但杂交只能重建碱基配对
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And to do this we're going to introduce valence bond theory, and the idea of hybridization of orbitals.
在这之前我们要引入价电子成键理论，和杂化轨道的概念。
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CH4 is sp3 carbon hybridization.
能容纳4个原子成键。
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We talked about base pairing and how that leads to this process of hybridization or very specific matching between complimentary strands.
我们讲了碱基配对,以及它们如何引起杂交过程,或者说,互补链之间的特异配对
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PROFESSOR: All right, start again, what's the hybridization of the carbon atom?
好了，再说一遍，碳原子的杂化轨道是什么？
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They could be pasted back together, and the pasting process takes advantage of this natural process of complimentary hybridization.
它们可以重新粘合在一起,而这粘合的过程,得益于这种自然的互补杂交
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So we're going to finish talking about molecular orbital theory, we'll switch over to discussing bonding in larger molecules, even larger than diatomic, so we'll move on to talking about valence bond theory and hybridization.
我们要结束关于分子轨道理论的讨论，转向讨论大分子的成键，比二原子分子更大的分子，我们会继续讨论价电子成键理论,和杂化。
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So let's switch to thinking about oxygen hybridization here.
让我们考虑一下氧的杂化。
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So it's going to be carbon, and then what's the hybridization here?
这是碳，杂化的什么样的？
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Now this is the basis of a physical chemistry process called hybridization.
这正是所谓核酸分子杂交的,物理化学反应的基础
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So let's quickly talk about our last type of hybridization that we're going to discuss today, which is s p hybridization.
我们今天要讨论的最后一个类型的杂化,也就是sp杂化。
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He did some hybridization of methane.
就是甲烷的杂化。
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If somehow you could take your anti-sense molecules that you've made and you could get them into cells, then by this process of hybridization they would naturally form a pair like this.
如果你能得到合成的反义链,并能使它进入细胞,那么通过杂交,它们就能自然形成这样的一对
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This bond is polar, but again, as I alluded to earlier, because the carbon is centered in the tetrahedron, because of the sp3 hybridization, the molecule itself is symmetric and nonpolar.
这个键是非极性的，但是，我们断言过早，因为C是中心原子，由于sp3杂化，这个分子本身是非极性的且对称的。
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So in s p 2 hybridization, instead of combining all four, we're just combining two of the p orbitals with the s orbital.
这样就能得到sp2杂化，在sp2杂化中，不是四个轨道结合。
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All right, so that's s p 3 hybridization, but those aren't the only type of hybrid orbitals that we can form. Let's take a look at what happens if instead of combining all four orbitals, we just combine three of those orbitals, and what we'll end up with is s p 2 hybridization.
好了，这是sp3杂化，但这并不是我们可以,形成的唯一类型的杂化轨道,让我们来看看，不是四个轨道结合，我们仅仅结合3个轨道。
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Hybridization simply means that DNA will re-nature and form a stable double helix only with its particular match, only with the hybrid that it is perfectly complementary, too.
核酸分子杂交表示,DNA在变性状态下可以恢复活性,和与其配对的单链形成稳定的双螺旋结构,只有在完全配对时才会发生这种情况
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Methane looks like this with the sp3 hybridization.
甲烷看起来就是sp3杂化的。
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So let's take a look at another case where we have s p 2 hybridization, we can actually also have it happen in carbon.
它是B2sp2杂化轨道,和H1s轨道的相互作用，让我们看看另外一个。
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We have carbon, sp3 hybridization.
我们碳是sp3杂化。
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When they separate, the primers that you've added automatically bind through the process of hybridization, and then you turn up the temperature to the optimum for Taq polymerase and DNA synthesis starts.
当双链解旋后,加入的引物就会在杂交的步骤中自动,和解旋后的DNA结合,然后你再将温度升高至,Taq酶的最适温度,DNA就开始合成了
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If you cut and you open up a segment of DNA then you've left these sticky ends, for example and these sticky ends are capable of recognizing each other by the process of hybridization.
如果你进行切割打开一个DNA片段,就会留下,比如说,这些粘性末端,这些粘性末端能在杂交的过程中互相识别
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