"You see children getting many episodes of malaria and gradually building up their immune response.

VOA: standard.2010.01.20

So, the antigen we're thinking about is a vaccine particularly designed to elicit immune response against a pathogen.

我们现在考虑的这种抗原,是一种特别设计的疫苗,它能够诱发免疫效应以消灭病原体

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But because of the similarity of the viruses, the immune response that people developed would also protect them against natural infections with variola.

因为这两种病毒很相像,人体的免疫应答也能保护自己,免受天花的感染

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The institute has scoured the results of international studies to find antigens substances that provoke an immune response in the body that could be a potent weapon against malaria.

VOA: standard.2010.01.20

They're just antigens that belong to you and so you don't normally mount an immune response to antigens that are part of you.

它们是你的自身抗原,但通常对自身抗原不会产生免疫反应

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Allergies are abnormal reactions of the immune system in response to otherwise harmless substances.

VOA: special.2009.07.28

That would be a subunit vaccine because I'm purifying a subunit of the virus that could be injected and hopefully induce an immune response.

那将会产生疫苗,因为我提取的是病毒的亚基,可以被注射并且有可能引发免疫应答

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Its molecules are pieces of molecules often derived from foreign pathogens which stimulate an immune response.

它通常是从激发免疫反应的,外源病原体中分离出的碎片

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Now, why do you need a cell mediated immune response if you have an antibody response?

为什么你还要有细胞免疫反应呢,你已经有抗体应答了啊

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So, this is an immune response that doesn't have to be activated and we're used to thinking about immune responses that have to be activated.

所以 这是一种不必激活的免疫反应,我们曾认为免疫反应都需要激活

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So, this is the kind of immune response that gets activated only when it's needed.

所以 这是一种在需要时,被激活的免疫反应

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So, antigens are molecules or pieces of molecules that stimulate an immune response.

所以 抗原是可以激发免疫反应的,分子或分子碎片

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The immune response is directed at killing this cell.

免疫反应直接杀死了那个细胞

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It's the way, for example, that foreign molecules or antigens get presented to cells of your immune system in order to start the process of making an immune response, so sometimes a cell/cell interaction.

通过这种方式,外源分子,或者说抗原,进入到免疫系统的细胞中后,就会开启免疫反应过程,有时候就是细胞之间的相互作用

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If we just thought about that second part of it, just the antibody generation, or the humoral what we called last time--last week, the humoral immune response, the immune response associated with humoral immune response of antibodies in the blood and in other fluids.

当我们仅考虑上述过程的第二步,也就是产生抗体的部分,或是我们上周学习的,体液免疫应答,这种免疫应答与,血液中以及其他体液中的抗体有关

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If the immune system recognizes only small pieces of the virus and mounts an immune response to that, how about if I just take these pieces of a virus like some structural subunit, some piece of protein and use that as a vaccine?

如果免疫系统识别出病毒的一小段,就可以诱发起免疫应答,那么如果我仅用一小部分病毒,比如一些结构性亚基 一些蛋白质的片段,来作为疫苗的话,会如何呢

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You have to inject it multiple times because the first blip that you get in immune response is not very high, you have to boost and often you have to boost again in order to get a high enough response to be protected.

你必须得进行多次注射,因为第一次注射,无法使免疫系统产生强烈反应,你得要增强免疫,通常还得再增强一次,以使反应足够强烈,从而起到保护作用

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When these CD8 T-cells see your MHC1 together with an antigen that doesn't belong in you, it creates an immune response.

当CD8 T细胞识别MHC1时,同时识别了不属于你的抗原,由此产生免疫反应

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The humoral immune response involves antibody production and antibodies are made by a subset of cells called B-cells.

体液免疫反应中包括抗体的产生过程,抗体是由一类称为B细胞的细胞亚族产生

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That can be a very strong amplifying response, and that happens in the immune system in many cases.

这可能会产生非常强的放大效应,这种效应在免疫系统中很常见

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And those words mean different things: immunogenic means that it stimulates your immune system for a response; pathogenic means that it causes a disease.

这两个词有不同的意义,免疫效应是指,刺激免疫系统产生免疫应答,致病性意指它能使你患病

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But in any event, the vaccine is intended to stimulate the immune system to produce an effector response— either antibodies or specific cells— that can combat spread of the microorganism through your body.

但无论如何,疫苗是通过,刺激免疫系统来使身体产生应答,无论是抗体还是特定的细胞,都可以阻止微生物在体内扩散

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The other part of the adaptive immune system is the cell mediated immune system and this is an immune where that doesn't involve antibodies but involves cells that are activated in response to a foreign antigen and that utilize cellular means to get rid of it.

获得性免疫系统还包括,细胞免疫,这一免疫反应不包含抗体,但包含可以被激活来应答,并清除外源抗原的免疫细胞

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