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But in people with juvenile diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin and blood sugar levels can get dangerously high.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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A pancreas--cell in the pancreas, for example, needs to make insulin and so the gene for insulin is transcribed.
举个例子,一个胰腺细胞,要分泌胰岛素,那么编码胰岛素蛋白的基因就会被转录
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If it was directly transcribed there'd be regions that are important for making insulin and regions that are not.
如果直接转录的话,那被转录的序列中就会既包括了,和生成胰岛素有关的重要区域,也包括了与之无关的区域
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The pancreas is an organ that in healthy people secretes insulin to convert glucose into energy.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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The idea here is that when foods get ingested in the body, they create different responses from each other depending on how they affect insulin and blood sugar, blood sugar especially.
这个观点是,当食物被身体吸收时,它们产生各自不同反应取决于,它们如何影响胰岛素和血糖,特别是血糖
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Researchers adjusted their computer algorithm to the slower insulin absorption rate and on a repeat experiment blood glucose was tightly controlled in all of the subjects.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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They're making that because you need this protein insulin, it's a hormone, and it's important for sugar metabolism in your body.
它们产生胰岛素蛋白是因为你需要它,胰岛素是一种激素,它在糖代谢中起着非常重要的作用
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But the remaining five other patients did not respond as quickly to the insulin infusion and developed low blood sugar because the computer continued to administer medication.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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Most cells in your body have insulin receptors so insulin is starting to bind to insulin receptors on those cells.
体内大多数细胞中都有胰岛素受体,胰岛素就开始与细胞上的胰岛素受体结合
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"because the fat mass can induce changes that are metabolically bad, like an increase in glucose or insulin, also an increase in fat,blood fats, like triglycerides or cholesterol."
VOA: standard.2010.07.08
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When you don't produce enough insulin yourself, as diabetics do not, then you can use insulin as a drug.
如果你的体内不能产生足够的胰岛素,例如糖尿病人,你就可以将胰岛素作为药物使用
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"The insulin pumps exist, the continuous glucose monitors exist.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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There are proteins, for example, on the surface of some cells that bind insulin and respond to the presence of insulin.
比如说蛋白,有些细胞表面上的蛋白,捕获胰岛素并且对胰岛素进行应答
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The computer program continuously takes in data from a glucose monitor inserted into a patient's vein and calculates the dose of artificial insulin that needs to be infused through an insulin pump.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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Like we talked about with insulin; make large quantities of this recombinant viral protein, and use that as a vaccine.
就像我们讲过的胰岛素,生成大量重组的病毒蛋白,并将其作为疫苗使用
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Failure to maintain tight control of glucose levels - by measuring blood sugar with a meter and compensating with doses of insulin - can result in serious health complications, including blindness, kidney failure and heart disease.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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If I'm going to make insulin from this I have to know that I've got the introns spliced out correctly.
如果我要用这些来生成胰岛素,我就得知道是不是把内含子都准确剔除了
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The pump developed by researchers is a double pump - in addition to insulin, it automatically secretes glucagon, a hormone that taps glucose reserves in the liver, raising blood sugar levels when they get too low, a condition called hypoglycemia.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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What insulin is doing inside your body is acting as a ligand for insulin receptors which stimulate certain kinds of cellular responses.
胰岛素在体内的功能就是作为,胰岛素受体的配体,刺激产生某种细胞效应
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"We're bringing back to people with Type 1 diabetes not only the proper amount of insulin dosed correctly into the right amount, but also this ability to provide a little bit of glucagon after meals, if the insulin dosing turned out to be a little excessive.
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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When it does your pancreas receives a signal that your blood glucose has started to go up, and it will secrete insulin.
这时你的胰腺会收到信号,你的血糖水平开始升高了,它就会分泌胰岛素
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Although we run it on a laptop so that we can monitor its operation, the algorithm itself doesn't require a lot of computer power and could easily be run from a chip that has the capabilities of one that's already in insulin pumps or in cell phones."
VOA: standard.2010.04.15
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So you made somehow an anti-sense polynucleotide to the insulin gene or some fraction of the insulin gene.
这样你就合成了,胰岛素基因的反义多聚核苷酸链,或者说胰岛素基因的片段
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So maybe - and here thinking about the pancreas has many functions but one of its important functions is to secrete insulin.
胰腺有很多的功能,其中最重要的功能之一,就是分泌胰岛素
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Now I gave you the example of insulin and you probably wouldn't want to stop insulin production.
现在我以胰岛素为例,你们恐怕不会希望胰岛素合成被终止
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There are more steps that have to happen correctly in order for that insulin to become active.
还有几个步骤,必须正确完成这些步骤后,才能生成有活性的胰岛素
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So, there are cells in your pancreas which recognize glucose levels and they secrete insulin in response.
你的胰腺细胞能够,识别血糖水平,并分泌胰岛素作为反馈
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Well, insulin is a protein, it's produced by cells in the pancreas, it circulates in your blood.
胰岛素是一种蛋白质,由胰腺细胞分泌,随着血液不断在体内循环
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That means the gene that encodes insulin, the sequence of base pairs that encode insulin.
这意味着基因编码了胰岛素,碱基序列编码了胰岛素
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Say we've got a human gene that we want to make and let's say it's the human gene for insulin that we want to produce now.
假设我们想合成出一个人类的基因,假设现在我们想合成的,是人类的胰岛素基因
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