This is a signal - this passing of phosphorous - is a signal that's used very frequently in intracellular communication.

这是一种信号,一种通过磷酸来传递的信号,这种信号在细胞内通讯时经常被用到

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They're small molecules, they're lipid soluble, they can go from extracellular to intracellular.

它们是小分子,并且是脂溶性的,它们能从胞外进入胞内

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I did want to say a little bit more about kinases because they're so important in intracellular communication and kinases take advantage of the fact that proteins can often exist in more than one state, and that's what makes them useful molecules inside cells.

关于激酶我想再多讲一点,因为它们对细胞内通讯十分重要,因为激酶的优越之处在于,这种蛋白通常不只有一种状态,这也令它们在细胞中的用处极大

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They carry a potential, that is, if you could - if you had a tiny, tiny electrical meter, you could one put one electrode on one side of the cell membrane, on the extracellular side and one on the intracellular side and measure, you would measure a potential difference; just like a battery you would measure a potential difference.

它们带有电势,就是说,如果你能有一个足够小的电位计,可以把一个电极放在细胞膜一侧,假设放在细胞外的一侧,另一个电极放在细胞内侧并测量,你能测到一个电势差,就像电池那样能测到电势差

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选