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"That means protecting the rights of Egypt's citizens, lifting the emergency law, revising the constitution and other laws to make this change irreversible and laying out a clear path to elections that are fair and free.
VOA: special.2011.02.12
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PROFESSOR BAWENDI: The only But it's hard to imagine an irreversible compression the way we can just imagine an irreversible expansion.
,但是我们很难,像描述不可逆膨胀一样,来描述不可逆压缩。
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All right, let's try again. How many people vote that this is reversible? That looks like a majority to me. Irreversible?
好的，让我们再试试,有多少人认为这是可逆的？,看上去大多数人都这么认为？
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But during a visit to the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator, Russian President Dmitri Medvedev said his country's decision was correct and "irreversible."
VOA: standard.2009.08.26
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Now,that thing that wakes up after this complete irreversible amnesia will no doubt eventually develop a personality,a set of beliefs,memories.
这人在经历了完全不可逆的失忆后醒来,最终发展出了自己的人格，信念和记忆。
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(Speaking) Mr.Gbagbo says that thanks to the support of the international community, and in particular thanks to the work and desire for peace of his fellow Ivorians, the electoral process has entered an irreversible phase.
VOA: standard.2009.09.29
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Now, you all know that we can make irreversible changes in proteins, you can denature them completely, that's what happens when you cook an egg for example.
现在你们都懂蛋白能够发生不可逆的改变,能够完全变性,比如在你煮鸡蛋的时候就是这样
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it becomes a gray area but it should be pretty clear if you can treat something is reversible are irreversible.
这是个灰色区域,但什么可以当作可逆过程处理,而什么要当作不可逆过程,这是相当清楚的。
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Instead of this reversible isothermal step, Let's make it an irreversible isothermal step.
不是可逆等温过程，而是不可逆等温过程。
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get back to the initial point is going to require some input from outside, like heat or extra work or extra heat or something because you've done an irreversible process.
如果要逆转它,回到初始点，就需要外界的投入，比如额外的功，额外的热量等等,因为你进行了一个不可逆过程。
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And all we know about this is that it's really for some irreversible reversible step.
我们知道,这个式子,对不可逆过程成立。
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Because if it's irreversible, it's very likely that I don't know what the pressure inside the system is doing while this is happening.
因为对不可逆过程，系统内部的压强,没有明确的定义,气体不处于平衡态。
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You have to do it awfully fast to get your irreversible compression.
我们要压缩得非常快,才能实现不可逆压缩。
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OK, so now we're going to do the same kind of experiment, but irreversibly. An irreversible adiabatic.
现在来在,不可逆的条件下，完成相同的实验。
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And I want to make sure everybody figured out that it really was an irreversible expansion.
或者多孔塞的,不可逆的等焓过程。
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that instead of all the steps being reversible, let's just put in one irreversible step.
不是所有的过程都是可逆的，其中有一个过程不可逆。
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So w, the work is less for the irreversible process than the reversible process.
不可逆过程中系统对外界,做的功要比可逆过程时小。
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This is equal to zero. So this irreversible process this Joule-Thomson process, is a constant enthalpy process. Delta h for this process is equal to zero.
等于0。所以这个不可逆过程,也就是焦耳-汤姆逊过程,是一个等焓过程。
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No, pretty much things are either reversible or irreversible.
不，几乎所有的都是要么可逆,要么不可逆。
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Like something is almost reversible and almost irreversible.
就像什么东西是几乎可逆的,或几乎不可逆的。
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So now let's look at the efficiency of our irreversible engine.
再来看看,不可逆热机的效率。
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OK, so we ended up last time, we talked about Joule-Thomson expansion, which is an irreversible expansion through a nozzle, through a porous plug, constant enthalpy expansion.
上节课，我们讨论了焦耳-汤姆逊，膨胀过程,也就是气体，通过毛细管。
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The energy expanded by the system is smaller for the irreversible process.
它做的,功要小些。
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So for an irreversible process, I wouldn't really be allowed to put a path there.
不可逆过程，是无法画出路径曲线来的。
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we're going to have a difference here between the irreversible case and the reversible one.
可逆过程,和不可逆过程,会有不同。
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The temperature is not going to cool as much for the irreversible process.
对不可逆过程,降温不会有可逆过程多。
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So it's that the irreversible efficiency is lower than the reversible one.
所以不可逆过程的效率,小于可逆过程的效率。
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The Joule-Thomson experiment is irreversible.
实验是一个不可逆过程。
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So it's going to be the case for any irreversible engine.
这对所有不可逆热机都成立。
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T2 STUDENT: From T2 reversible is greater than T2 irreversible, saying that T2 reversible is .
学生：可逆过程的,比不可逆过程的T2更高，也就是可逆过程的T2更热。
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