They're making that because you need this protein insulin, it's a hormone, and it's important for sugar metabolism in your body.

它们产生胰岛素蛋白是因为你需要它,胰岛素是一种激素,它在糖代谢中起着非常重要的作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone, it's a protein hormone that circulates in all of our bodies and regulates glucose metabolism.

胰岛素是人体自身产生的一种激素,它是一种蛋白质激素,遍布全身,并调节糖代谢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's also something that scientists have talked about called the thrifty metabolism.

科学家们也谈到,所谓的节俭代谢

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Glucose has to get into cells, that's the main source of energy source that cells use, metabolism of glucose.

但葡萄糖又必须进入细胞,因为它是细胞能量的主要来源,即通过葡萄糖代谢产生能量

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Diabetics whose pancreas does not function properly, so don't make enough insulin, don't have enough insulin present for normal glucose metabolism so they can't handle sugars properly.

糖尿病人的胰脏功能失调,因此胰岛素分泌不足,影响了正常的血糖代谢,所以他们不能正常地调节血糖

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Now thrifty metabolism means you make very good use of your calories.

现在,节俭代谢是指你充分利用卡路里

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

That efficient metabolism that banks calories is highly efficient, highly important, highly adaptable, under circumstances where food is scarce, but not efficient and not adaptive under modern food conditions in the developed world.

能高效存储能量的代谢系统,在食品短缺的情况下,非常重要,有着较强的适应能力,但却不能适应,现代发达国家的食品环境

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

The digestive system, of course, is responsible for bringing in sort of fresh nutrients, fresh substrates for cellular metabolism, fresh quantities of amino acids, and nucleotides, and the things that we can't generate internally.

当然,还有消化系统,它主要负责将各种新鲜营养物摄入体内,为细胞代谢提供新的底物,如一批新的氨基酸,核苷酸,以及那些人体无法自行合成的东西

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Well those are differences in metabolism.

其实 这就是代谢有差异

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

The main goal of the respiratory system is to bring fresh in so that you can extract oxygen from it, and blow used air out so that you can rid of carbon dioxide which is the end product of carbon metabolism inside our bodies.

呼吸系统的主要功能是,吸入新鲜空气,以便获得空气中的氧气,呼出废气,以便排出二氧化碳,二氧化碳是人体内碳代谢的终产物

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The ones who would seek out calories, the ones who could store and not waste energy, those with an efficient metabolism-- that is those people who took in calories and banked them into their body fat and stored against subsequent famine-- are the ones who would do the best under these circumstances.

那些寻找能量的人,那些储存而不浪费能量的人,那些有着高效代谢系统的人,那些人可以将摄入的热量储存为机体脂肪,以用于对抗即将到来的饥荒,在早先的情况下他们是最适应环境的

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

If you have a brain, and a body, and a metabolism that wants calories, it wants fat, it wants sugar, it wants a broad variety of food so you can survive, that would be good if you lived in certain parts of the world today.

如果你有大脑,有身体,有新陈代谢,这些都需要能量,就需要脂肪,需要糖,需要极其多样食物,你才能活下来,世界上只有部分地区可以保证这些

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Now when we put insulin in this place behind the right promoter, the cell thinks that it still has the lacZ gene present which it needs for its metabolism.

现在我们把胰岛素基因,放在正确的启动子后面,宿主细胞就会认为,它仍然有新陈代谢所需的lacZ基因

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