It said that it was true the trust had formed a monopoly in the sugar-producing industry.

VOA: special.2010.06.03

Total quantity being produced is less than would be produced under perfect competition, but more than would be produced under monopoly.

此情况下的总产出,比完全竞争情况下的要少,但比垄断情况下的要大

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

This answer that says I just undercut Pepsi, that's true provided that Pepsi hasn't gone above the monopoly price.

比百事定价低点的答案,只有在百事没有高于,垄断价格时才是正确的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Christian in France expressed a different concern, saying: The big problem of the transgenic seeds is that they are the monopoly of big companies.

VOA: special.2010.05.18

It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.

作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

But it said the monopoly was in manufacturing -- not in trade or interstate commerce.

VOA: special.2010.06.03

Hobbes in the Hobbesian doctrine of sovereignty, or the Hobbesian sovereign, to have a complete monopoly of power within his given territory.

在他的君主学说，或是霍布斯式的君主论中，霍布斯认为，在特定的领土中,存在着一种绝对的权利。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

He said it gives Google monopoly control of the book search market.

VOA: special.2011.04.01

Peter the Great had a monopoly on dice, because people gambled a lot.

彼得大帝曾经垄断了骰子的销售,因为人们很喜欢赌博

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Gazprom,Russia's gas export monopoly, also had signed a deal to sell China 70 billion cubic meters of natural gas a year.

VOA: standard.2009.10.13

So Firm 1 would be producing half its monopoly quantity and Firm 2 would be producing half its monopoly quantity.

即公司1生产垄断产量一半的商品,公司2也生产垄断产量一半的商品

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Haraszti says the Soviet system collapsed because the East European opposition successfully broke the communists' monopoly of information.

VOA: standard.2009.11.03

So from the point of view of the producers, this Cournot Equilibrium is worse than monopoly, but better than perfect competition.

从生产者的角度来看,古诺均衡劣于垄断,优于完全竞争

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

The march infuriated Orthodox Jews. But Yonatan Gher, one of the parade organizers, says there is no religious monopoly on the Holy City.

VOA: standard.2010.07.29

So this will be the monopoly quantity for Firm 2 and this is the competitive quantity of Firm 1.

这里表示公司2的垄断产出,这里是公司1的完全竞争产出

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So the amount of output produced by the industry was somewhere between the case that would be under monopoly and under perfect competition.

亦即是行业产量,在某种程度上是介于,在垄断和完全竞争两种情况之间

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So I claim that this total quantity being produced is less than the competitive quantity, but more in total than the monopoly quantity.

我说吧,这种情况下的总产出,比完全竞争产量要少,但比垄断产量要大

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

But you could also just split the monopoly quantity, for example, half half at this point here.

但也可以把垄断产量分开呀,比如一家生产一半

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

For example, if Firm 2 shut down and Firm 1 produced its monopoly profits, that is, a monopoly quantity, that would maximize firm profits.

比如公司2停产而公司1生产垄断产量,垄断产量会使行业利润最大化

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So we have the monopoly quantity here, and we have the competitive here, and in between what does this best response curve look like?

这样我们就算出了垄断产出,还有完全竞争产出,二者之间的图线是什么样的呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

However, then I'll have the whole market, it's as if I'm a monopolist but suddenly I'm pricing above the monopoly price, that can't be right.

但是,占有整个市场,相当于我是个垄断企业,但是我的价格却高于垄断价格,那是不正确的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And from the point of view of the rest of us, the consumers, this Cournot quantity is worse than perfect competition but better than monopoly.

而从消费者的角度来看,古诺均衡劣于完全竞争,但优于垄断情况

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

I never want to price above the monopoly price, because I know the monopoly price, when I'm the monopolist, is the most profit I could ever make.

我绝不想高于垄断价格,因为我知道,当我作为垄断企业时,垄断价格能为我带来最大利润

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Now, in practice, this is not the only problem facing two firms who are trying to produce the monopoly output.

实际上 这并非两个想维持垄断产量的,企业需要面对的唯一问题

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Conversely, if Firm 1 shut down and Firm 2 produced its monopoly quantity that would maximize industry profits.

反之公司1停产而公司2生产垄断产量,这样也能最大化行业利润

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So it's going to be pretty difficult for us to sustain this joint monopoly output, this collusive agreement.

因此说想要通过私下协议来,维持垄断产量,是非常困难的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So clearly, if we produce the monopoly quantity, by definition, the monopoly quantity maximizes total industry profits.

显然,根据定义,垄断产量使行业总利润达到最大化

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

In practice, when firms try and have these agreements, which are not contracts, to try and produce joint monopoly output, what else goes wrong?

现实中,公司想要达成这样的协议,而非合同,想要维持垄断产量,还会遇到什么问题呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

It did not have a government monopoly on note issue but over the time it became the prime issuer of U.K. notes.

在纸币发行上，它并没有政府垄断者的角色,但是随着时间的流逝,它成为了英国纸币的主要发行者。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

If he's gone above the monopoly price we need to be a little bit more careful.

如果它高于垄断价格了,我们需要小心点

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选