So we're going to feel a higher z effective in the case of the ion compared to the neutral atom.

因此，我们在离子中,会比在中性原子中感受到更高的有效核电量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So again, we should be able to check all of our formal charges and make sure they add up to 0, which they do, and that makes sense, because we have a neutral atom in terms of thionyl chloride.

因此同样地，我们可以检验一下,我们所有的形式电荷是否正确,确保它们加起来等于零，而它们确实是这样，这是合理的，因为亚硫酰氯是一个中性原子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Z Number of protons in the nucleus, this is number of protons in the nucleus, which in the neutral atom is equal to the number of electrons.

质子数。，Z，proton，number。,原子核中的质子数，这是原子核的质子数，在中性原子中，等于,电子数。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, that also tells us that the n minus ion is less stable than the neutral atom itself.

而且，这还告诉我们,负一价的氮离子不如中性氮原子稳定。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So this would be for the actual filled, the completely neutral atom.

因此，这就是中性原子，正确的电子排布。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And what's important to keep in mind about formal charge is if we have a neutral atom, such as we did in thionyl chloride here, the sum of the individual formal charges on individual atoms within the molecule have to equal 0.

而关于形式电荷记住一点是很重要的,那就是如果我们有一个中性原子，比如亚硫酰氯，那么这个分子中的所有原子的,形式电荷之和应该等于零。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

In case 2, we're taking the 3 p out of the neutral atom, whereas in case 3, we're taking it out of the ion.

在第二种情况中，我们要从中性原子中拿走，3，p，电子，而在第三种情况中，我们要从这个离子中拿走它。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And we'll absolutely accept both answers for a neutral atom.

我们会接受两种答案,对于中性原子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Will it be if you take a 3 s electron from neutral silicone, if you take a 3 p electron from the neutral atom, or if you take a 3 p from the ion?

是从中性硅原子中拿走一个，3，s，电子呢，还是从中性硅原子中拿走一个，3，p，电子呢，又或者是从硅离子中拿走一个，3，p，电子呢？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

we knew that the atom was electrically neutral.

原子是电中性的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

The best suggestion is just to write it out completely for the neutral atom, and then you want to take an electron out of the highest orbital.

最好的办法是先写出它所对应,中性原子，然后再从,能量最高的轨道上拿走一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, let's say we have an atomic number of 3, 3 that means we have 3 electrons, so we better hope to get our neutral atom that we have a charge of plus 3in the nucleus.

这也是很合理的，因为Z就是原子序数，假设原子序数是，那就有3个电子，那我们就希望,性原子有个带3个正电荷的原子核。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And this is just a picture showing some of these sizes with their parent. So, for example, a lithium here, you can see how lithium plus is smaller than the actual lithium atom in its neutral state.

这是一张对比图,展示某些离子与它们的母体，比如，这里是锂，大家可以看到正一价锂离子是多么的小,与中性锂原子相比。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选