I want to just go over the requirements of the course that really are required, not the optional piece, just so that you understand what my purpose is pedagogically.

我只想跟大家回顾一下,这门课程的必须要求，并非可以自由选择的,这样你们会理解我的目的何在。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

These are completely optional, not required for the course, so there's no obligation for you guys to get involved in these things, but I'll mention these things as we go along in case anybody would like to get involved in working with professors or graduate students.

这些都是自愿选择的,而不是课程要求,所以并不强制你们都参加,但随着课程的进行,我还会不断提及,便于任何感兴趣的同学,能够与教授或研究生一同参与研究

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选