If you have a quantity which is constant over any closed path, that quantity is a thermodynamics state function.

如果有一个物理量,对任何闭合回路积分是常数，这个物理量就是一个热力学态函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The amount of work you've put in to get here depends on the path. It's not a function of state.

这些量就能,决定系统的状态了。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Reverse transcriptase is a naturally occurring protein, it has a biological function in HIV, but we can use it for a technical logical function here by going backwards on the biological path from messenger RNA to DNA.

反转录酶是在自然环境中存在的蛋白质,它在HIV中发挥着生物功能,但在这里它可以发挥一个技术功能,让它用信使RNA反转录出DNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So again, for both heat and work we don't get the same result. Now let's look at our special function, right. So here's path A.

所以，再一次说明，对于热量和功,我们得到的结果是不同的,现在让我们看看我们的特殊函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now remember, we went through before how it's a state function but to calculate it, you'd need to find a reversible path, along which you can figure this out.

请记住，我们不需要知道它是怎样的一个态函数,只计算就可以了，你需要找到一条可逆路径，沿着这条路径就能算得这个结果。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选