And that's the following. Let's take a particle that is moving in the x-y plane, so that at one instance-- sorry, let me change this graph-- is here--oh, this is bad.

接下来,我们来看一个物体,在 x-y 平面内运动,在这个例子中,对不起,我要重画一下这个图,在这里,这画得不好

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