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That's Dr. Chelsea Polis, a family planning researcher at the Johns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health.
VOA: standard.2010.03.22
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Okay, now the polis from the beginning, and it never stopped being what I'm about to say, chiefly agricultural communities.
好的,现在这些城邦开始了,我即将说到的,永无止息的社区化进程,主要在农业方面
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The word polis appears in Homer, but it means something different from what it means throughout most of Greek history.
城邦"这个词首先出现在荷马史诗,但是它在这里的意思,与在希腊历史中的意思不同
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Can those be transferred or translated in some way to public justice, to political justice, ? justice in the polis?
那些是否可以用某种方法转换,或转移到公共正义，政治正义，或城邦正义？
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So Athens was the polis for Attica, but it was also the polis for all of Attica, all that region around Athens, including villages and farms and other small towns too.
所以雅典是阿提卡地区的城镇，是整个阿提卡地区的城镇，雅典周围的所有地区，包括村庄，农田及其他小镇都属于它。
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There's something else I wanted to say to indicate this notion of men being the polis as opposed to anything tangible.
我还想说点其他的,来解释一下人是城邦人,而不是任何实体地方的人这样的观点
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Well, the polis straightens out crooked judgments, "gentles the swollen ambitions and puts an end to acts of divisional strife.
城邦平反了,歪曲不公的裁决,驯服了膨胀贪婪的野心,终结了分裂和冲突
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The administration of justice,which means deciding what is just, is the regulation of the partnership which is the polis.
司法机构,即决定是否公正的地方,是调整人与人关系的机构,即城邦
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The polis is natural in the sense that it has grown out of smaller and lesser forms of human association.
城邦是自然的演变,因为它源自,较小单位形式的人类结合。
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It is also pretty clear that for some after the foundation of the polis, there were no city walls.
而且很明显,在城邦建立起来之后的相当长的一段时间内,都没有城墙
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But now, imagine that we are living in the early years of a polis sometime in the eighth century B.C.
但是,现在想象一下,假如我们生活在公元前八世纪
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The polis, as Aristotle as well as Plato clearly understand, is a small society, what could be called today a closed society.
如亚里士多德及柏拉图清楚明白,是一个小型的社会，即今日所称的封闭社会。
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Well, Aristotle and Plato,both sort of theoreticians of the polis each had an idea what's the right size for the perfect polis.
亚里士多德和柏拉图,这两位精于城邦理论的理论家对此各执己见
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The power to know is our ability to recognize, by sight, members of the same polis or city.
求知的能力,是我们透过双眼辨别，同一城邦或城市成员的能力。
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But immediately,very early, you start hearing the Greeks talk about the polis in terms that are more in your mind than in touch.
但是当你在很早的时候一听到,希腊人说到城邦这个术语的时候,你能立刻想到的就比你接触到的要多
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The universal state will never allow for or does not allow for the kind of self-perfection that a small, self-governing polis will have.
万国之城将永不会允许,或说不会允许一种自我完善,那只有在小型，自治的城邦中才行得通。
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But that's a beautiful example; they thought they had taken their polis with them, because they have had moved the entire city there.
但那是个很好的例子,他们认为他们带去了他们的城邦,因为他们将整个城市都搬过去了
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a little of that here with you today, to go over what Aristotle is suggesting in this idea of man, the polis animal.
我只能示范一些给你们看，要如何阅读亚里士多德所提示的概念,即人是城邦的动物。
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Does that mean that the place where these people live is not the polis? Is it only men?Well, we'll come back to that.
是不是意味着人民居住的地方不是城邦,而是只有人是城邦,我们将很快回到这点
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One of the things that come with the development of this kind of agriculture as the polis is coming into being is slavery.
这种小家庭农业的发展,是随着各城邦开始采用,奴隶制度而发展起来的
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Plato, being a mathematician, as Aristotle was not, decided that the perfect polis would have 5,040 citizens.
而和亚里士多德不同,作为数学家,柏拉图认为完美的城邦应有五千零四十个公民
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Aristotle lived at the virtual cusp of the world of the autonomous city-state of the Greek polis.
亚里士多德住在可说是希腊城邦世界中,最顶尖的自治城市。
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In the literal opening, he gives what looks like a kind of natural history of the polis.
在本书开始的地方，他给了一种类似,城邦自然演变历史的说法。
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Well, one thing that emerges from these lines of Hesiod is that the polis is already there.
赫西奥德的这些句子表明一个事实,那就是城邦已经存在
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It doesn't really-- well, let me just say what the polis claims to do here in Homer.
这并不算...,我还是说说在荷马时代,城邦是如何阐明法律的
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These would have been these aristocratic figures who we know in the earliest days of the polis.
这些可能就是我们所知道的,早期城邦的贵族
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No, they come from the polis when its laws are good and therefore when what the government provides is eunomia rather than the opposite.
不是,它们来源于古希腊的城邦,当法律完善之时,也意味着优秀的政府,而非恶政当道
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One of them is how the Greeks in the late Dark Ages and in the period in which the polis emerges, made their living.
其中之一是,在黑暗时代末期,以及城邦初现的萌芽时期,希腊人民,是如何生存的
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In the same general passage he says, a man who is by nature without a polis is either more or less than a man.
他在同一章节中指出,一个生来远离城邦,闲云野鹤的人,也就不再是一个真正的人
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What they would call a polis might only be 1000 citizens or 5000.
一座希腊城市可能只有1000到5000人。
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