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What's the difference between this cell which I call a committed progenitor cell and its offspring, and the offspring of that offspring.
我所称的定向祖细胞,和它的子细胞之间,还有它子细胞的子细胞之间有什么区别呢
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Pluripotent stem cells that are capable of self-renewal to generate themselves and are capable of dividing into both bioloid and lymphoid progenitor cells.
多能干细胞,是能够通过自我更新进行自我生成的细胞,也能分化成髓系祖细胞,或者淋巴祖细胞
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Further down the line here, if we looked in the adult brain or spinal cord and other regions we'd find committed progenitor cells.
沿着这条线再往后,如果我们看看成人的大脑,或者脊髓或者其他部位,我们就能找到定向祖细胞
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The other property is that these committed progenitor cells that are formed can turn into something, can turn into more mature cell types.
另一个的性质就是成为定向祖细胞,进而形成某种特定细胞,成为更成熟的细胞形式
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So this stem cell division leads to another stem cell as well as a committed progenitor cell.
这种细胞分化不仅产生一个定向祖细胞,还会产生另一个干细胞
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That difference has functional consequences for the daughter cells in that one of the daughter cells becomes what's called here a committed progenitor cell.
而这些差异会导致子细胞,产生一些功能上的变化,其中一个子细胞会成为,所谓的定向祖细胞
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The result is a cell that's very similar but it is - very similar to the progenitor cell but it's exactly the stem cell.
另一个结果就是产生一个,很像祖细胞的细胞,但却是如假包换的干细胞
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One result of this asymmetrical division is a committed progenitor cell.
这种不对称分裂的一个结果,是产生定向的祖细胞
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It's no longer a stem cell but it's a progenitor cell.
它不再是干细胞而是祖细胞
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A progenitor cell, the definition, it just means it can generate the cells that are typical of that tissue or that organ, so it's capable of becoming these mature classes of cells.
祖细胞的定义就是,它能产生那个器官或者组织内的,所有的典型细胞,所以它可以成为那一类的成熟细胞
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The other one is a committed progenitor cell that now somehow has been changed in such a way that it's going to mature and develop into non-stem cells or the cells that make up our bodies, somatic cells.
而另一个子细胞就通过某种变化,成了定向的祖细胞,并将成熟和发育为非干细胞的细胞,就是构成我们身体的细胞,体细胞
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Potential refers to what it sounds like, 'what potential does this committed progenitor cell have?' 'What potential does this stem cell have?' Well, one way to think about is that upon this first division, this asymmetric division, this committed progenitor cell has lost some potential.
这个"潜能"和字面意思相同,定向祖细胞的潜能是什么,干细胞的潜能又是什么,一种看法就是在第一次分化时,即不对称分裂时,定向祖细胞失去了一些潜能
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I digressed a little from this diagram but I think you've gotten the picture that as I move to more adult organisms, as I move to more specific regions of the brain, for example, I can still find progenitor cells that have some potential.
我不太认同这张图表,不过我认为随着我说到成人机体,你们已经在脑海中有这样的概念了,我在更特异性的区域,比如大脑中,仍能找到有一定潜能的祖细胞
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In terms of function they're very important because this stem cell which is produced goes back into the population of stem cells and is able to repeat this process to form new committed progenitor cells and to form new stem cells.
但就功能而言这些干细胞则至关重要,因为这类分裂产生的子细胞,依然是干细胞,可以再次重复上述步骤,生成新的定向祖细胞,和新的干细胞
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