So that what's new in Saussure's thinking about the relationship between signified and signifier is that the sign tied up in this relationship is both arbitrary and differential.

这就是索绪尔所贡献的了,能指和所指的关系,也就是符号的组成方式,是任意的，有差别的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

The concept he calls a "signified" and the sound image he calls a "signifier."

事物被称为所指,声音形象被称为能指“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

He says: he signification "sign" has always been comprehended and determined, in its sense, as sign-of, signifier referring to a signified, signifier different from its signified.

他说，“符号“的意义“,总是被理解和决定的，在符号这个意义上，能指指向所指，能指与它的所指不同。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Deconstruction calls into question the distinction between language and thought in calling into question the distinction between signifier and signified, even though, as Derrida says, it can't do without a Saussurian vocabulary.

解构主义怀疑,语言和思想的区别，其方式是,怀疑能指和所指之间的区别，尽管如此，正如德里达所说没有索绪尔词汇也是不行的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选