The concept he calls a "signified" and the sound image he calls a "signifier."

事物被称为所指,声音形象被称为能指“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So that what's new in Saussure's thinking about the relationship between signified and signifier is that the sign tied up in this relationship is both arbitrary and differential.

这就是索绪尔所贡献的了,能指和所指的关系,也就是符号的组成方式,是任意的，有差别的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

He says: he signification "sign" has always been comprehended and determined, in its sense, as sign-of, signifier referring to a signified, signifier different from its signified.

他说，“符号“的意义“,总是被理解和决定的，在符号这个意义上，能指指向所指，能指与它的所指不同。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

the signified-signifier relationship, as I said, is arbitrary.

所指和能指的关系，就如我刚才说的，是任意的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Deconstruction calls into question the distinction between language and thought in calling into question the distinction between signifier and signified, even though, as Derrida says, it can't do without a Saussurian vocabulary.

解构主义怀疑,语言和思想的区别，其方式是,怀疑能指和所指之间的区别，尽管如此，正如德里达所说没有索绪尔词汇也是不行的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

These are some of the implications of no longer being satisfied with the way in which a sign can be understood as a concept to which we attach belatedly a signification, a signifier.

有一些意指已不满足于,符号被理解为概念的方式了,我们就再赋予它们一个含义，一个能指。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选