"If you have two or three sovereign state institutions fighting each other, it means democracy failed,".

VOA: standard.2009.08.27

Today, I want to talk about Hobbes' theory of the sovereign state, the creation of the sovereign.

今天，我会着重讲讲,霍布斯关于君权的产物，即主权国家的理论。

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And in such a world, even a sovereign state will be endangered either from other states or from groups and individuals devoted to terror and destruction.

在这样的世界里,即使是主权国家,也可能受到来自他国的侵犯,或者是个人以及团体的恐怖破坏。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

First, the Treaty declared that the individual sovereign state would henceforth become the highest level of authority; you might say, putting an end once and for all " to the universalist claims of the Holy Roman Empire.

第一，条约宣称,各个主权国家,都因此而成为各自国家里最高的权力;,永远终结了,普遍意义上的“神圣罗马帝国。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Let me talk for a while about some of the formal features of Hobbes' sovereign power, of the Hobbesian state.

接下来我要说说,霍布斯关于君主权力和他理想下的国家',应当具有的一些特征。

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Hobbes derives the very power of the sovereign from the natural right of each individual to do as they like in the state of nature.

他认为君主的权力源自于,人民原本在自然社会中,能自由行使的个人权力。

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Each state was to be sovereign and to have its own authority.

每个国家都有主权,都有自己的权利机构。

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The state for Hobbes is not the possession of the sovereign.

霍布斯认为,国家并非君主的私有财产。

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Rather, the sovereign does not own the state.

也就是说，君主并不享有对国家的所有权。

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Hobbes refers to the sovereign as a mortal god, as his answer to the problems of the state of nature, the state, the condition of life being solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.

君主就是生在凡间的神，霍布斯在回答,什么是国家的本质时这样比喻到，他的国家，他的生命都总是孤独，穷苦，下流，野蛮和短暂的。

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