Okay. Now take your hand on a chair or your notebook, your computer or whatever, and do syncopation off of that according to this pattern.

好的,现在用手拍椅子,或者笔记本,电脑,随便什么,来按照这个模式做切分音

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

And what this means is we can use --take any arbitrary idea in the world, the idea of a chair or a story or a country, and make a sound or a sign to connect to it.

符号任意性是指,我们可以拿来世间任何想法,比如椅子,故事,或是国家,再发明一种声音或符号来与之相联系

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选