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You can change the flow of water so that the temperature is hot or warm as desired.
VOA: special.2009.04.20
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Yet, the temperature goes up. So, I can have a temperature change which is an adiabatic temperature change.
它与外界不会，有物质或者能量的流动,然而系统的温度升高了。
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Now, the coefficient that relates the amount of heat in to the temperature change is obviously going to be different for these two cases.
在这两个例子中,很显然联系热量和温度变化的系数,是不一样的。
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The accord states that limiting temperature increases to no more than two degrees Celsius is necessary to stop the worst effects of climate change.
VOA: special.2010.01.19
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So now we have a constant volume reversible temperature change.
所以现在我们有一个,等体，可逆的温度变化。
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The crispers can get too cold, and the temperature of the walls can change.
VOA: special.2010.02.24
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Now, I know how to relate the heat flow to temperature change, through the heat capacity.
现在我知道怎样把能量的流动,和温度的变化联系起来，通过热容。
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OK, two, now it's a temperature change, right?
好，第二步，现在温度发生了变化，对吧？
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Now to make that happen, it's not adiabatic, right. If I wanted to do that, I'd need a heating element or something to cool, so I could make that temperature change happen, right.
要实现这点，它就不会是绝热的，对吧，如果我想做到这点,我需要一个加热元件或什么制冷的东西,这样我才能让温度变化。
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All you care about is what was the temperature change?
所有需要关心的就是温度的变化？
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This is real, unlike the Joule coefficient which is very small so that most gases have tiny Joule coefficients. So if you do a Joule experiment, you hardly measure a temperature change. With real gases, here you do actually measure it. You can feel it with your finger on your bicycle tire.
系数那样小以至于,大多数气体的焦耳系数,都很小，所以如果你做焦耳实验,很难测量出温度的变化,对于真实气体，你可以测量它，你能通过手指按在,自行车轮胎上来感觉到它。
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It's reversible. It's a temperature change.
是可逆的，温度是变化的。
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It's just how much heat is involved when we change the temperature. Now, the products have some heat capacity associated with them right, it takes a certain amount of heat if we make their temperature change, to either put it in or take it away, depending on which direction the temperature is changing.
问题就是当我们改变温度时,有多少热量发生了转移,生成物具有一定的热容,如果我们改变,它们的温度，就要输入或,提取一定的热量,这取决于温度改变的方向。
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What we're really going to do in practice is we're going to measure, we're going to use our thermometer and say great, how much did the temperature change, right.
H1是零,实际上我们要做的,是用我们的温度计,测量温度改变了多少。
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Or I could have a non-adiabatic, I could take the same temperature change, by taking a flame, or a heat source and heating up my substance. So, clearly q is going to depend on the path.
也能改变温度，绝热指的是没有热传递，在非绝热条件下，也同样可以升温,比如用火或者热源加热，这样，q也应当与路径有关。
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If you double everything in the system, the temperature is not going to change, it's not going to double.
如果你把系统中所有的东西增加一倍，温度是不会变的，它不会跟着增加一倍。
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Whereas under these conditions, these quantities, if you look at free energy change, for example at constant temperature and pressure, H you can still calculate H.
但是，在这些条件下，这些物理量，如果我们考察自由能的变化,例如在恒定的温度和压强下，我们仍然可以计算。
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It's a state function, so we're at constant temperature and pressure, and now we want to consider some chemical change or a phase transition or you name it.
这就是态函数，我们处于恒定的温度和压强之下，然后考虑某些化学变化或者相变,或者你想考虑的东西。
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You know, we've done a bunch of thermochemistry, and we've kind of seen that the energy of mixing, your energetics don't change too much as a function of temperature.
我们做过很多的化学热力学习题，某种程度上我们发现混合的能量，并不随着能量,发生大的改变。
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In other words, how much does the temperature of the whole thing change when you put an ordinary amount of material in there and run a reaction, right. Well, what do you do?
当你放入通常数量的材料,并进行反应时,整个装置的温度,改变有多少，你要做什么？
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Now, if I want to change those quantities; change the temperature, change the volume, how will it change?
如果我现在打算改变这些量;,改变温度，改变体积，它会如何改变？
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So we don't really need to put in a certain amount of heat and change the temperature of the products and the calorimeter and so on.
所以我们实际上并不需要输入,一定的热量，改变生成物,和量热计的温度之类。
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So again with the Gibbs free energy, now I see how to determine, if I change the pressure, if I change the temperature by some modest amount, how much is the Gibbs free energy going to change?
再一次通过吉布斯自由能，我知道当我，适当的改变压强和，温度的时候，吉布斯自由能如何变化？
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Heat capacity relates the amount of heat that you add to the system to the change in temperature, and this is the relationship.
热容联系起给系统提供的,热量和温度的变化，关系式是这样的：
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It only cares what temperature is. If temperature is constant, there's no change in energy.
如果温度是常数,能量就没有变化，对理想气体。
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Now let's change the pressure and temperature and sweep through a whole range of pressures and temperatures and measure the volume in every one of them.
然后改变气压和温度,并且让气压和温度,取便所有可能的数值,测量相应的体积。
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So at this point the temperature will change.
在这点温度会改变。
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Now, you can have a change of temperature without any heat being involved.
不进行热量传递也可以改变温度,想象有一个热绝缘的盒子。
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That's the property that's going to give us the change in temperature.
这就是能给我们,温标定义的物质特性。
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There is a change in temperature, right?
温度会改变，对吧？
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