Let's imagine, as he says, human beings as if they were in a sort of laboratory test tube.

让我们设想,人类就像生活在实验室的试管里。

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Here's a way that you can do it in a test tube without using any cells by this process called Polymerase Chain Reaction.

但有一个方法可以让你在试管中完成,不用细胞,这个方法叫聚合酶链式反应

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In fact you do not have to kill any animals for this kind of research because we do everything in a test tube.

其实，做这种研究,你根本用不着杀害任何动物,因为试验都是在试管中进行的。

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You take advantage of that, you put it in a test tube, together with nucleotides and primers and your DNA.

利用这一点,把它和核苷酸,引物及DNA一起放进试管

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Not every plasmid in your test tube is going to have the right gene inserted in the right way.

不是试管里的每个质粒,都会与正确的DNA片段重组

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You put this chromosomal DNA or this DNA that you're interested in, double stranded into a test tube.

你把这个染色体DNA,或者你感兴趣的双链的DNA,放进一个试管

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