I want to talk to you about the ethics and values that emerge from the reading of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

我想谈谈在伊利亚特和奥德赛的阅读过程中,所引发的伦理和价值观问题

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

It is chance, and there are several places in the Iliad and the Odyssey that emphasize that point.

只是机会而已,这在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中,被多次强调

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

And I can only assume that that is precisely the point, that Milton would -- later in 1667 when Paradise Lost is published, he would make his poem canonical just like The Iliad and just like The Odyssey and The Aeneid before anyone had actually read it.

我只能假设就是为了这点，当他在1667年出版《失乐园》后，弥尔顿会遵照《伊利亚特》的模式来创作诗歌,还有《奥德赛》和《埃涅阿斯纪》,在这之前人们还没有真正的读过这些书。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

That is a very strong statement about the priority of community and it's very different from the values that we saw in the Iliad and the Odyssey.

这是一种关于集体优先,的有力观点,这种价值观和,《伊利亚特》及《奥赛德》中的相去甚远

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

And indeed, as we shall see, well, the tragic view of life, which the Greeks invent and which characterizes their culture, is there right at the beginning in the Iliad and the Odyssey.

确实,我们可以看到,悲剧人生观,在伊利亚特和奥德赛的一开始就有所体现,这是希腊人首先提出的,体现了他们的文化性格

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The tradition is aristocracy; that's what we connect with the polis, and of course, it was natural, because it also fit into the world of the Iliad and the Odyssey, which they were accustomed to think about.

他们的传统是贵族政府,这是我们该和城邦联系起来的政体,当然,这也很自然,因为这也符合《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中的描写,他们习惯于用这样的方式去思考

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

If he is beneath the polis it means he's beneath what it is to a human being, and that tells you just how potent is this concept of a community for the Greeks and it emerges in its own way from the Iliad and the Odyssey.

反过来,如果一个卑微到无法进入城邦的人,那也就意味着他作为人的意义同样卑微,由此可见,集体的概念,是多么的深入希腊人的心中,在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中,便揭示了这一点

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The Aeneid of Virgil based, of course,on the Iliad and the Odyssey, begins arma virumque cano, I sing of arms and the man, the man Aeneas.

维吉尔所作的《埃涅伊德》当然是基于,《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》,它以"arma virumque cano" 开头,"我歌颂战事和那个人,埃涅阿斯"

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

If you remember from reading the Iliad and Odyssey, it is absolutely critical in the Greek religion that people be properly buried, because if they're not, then their shade goes on forever in misery and pain.

伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中提到过,死者得到妥善安葬,在希腊信仰中是极其重要的,如若不然,死者的灵会永远在绝望和痛苦中飘荡

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选