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We already talked about the Hittite vassal treaties as a model for the Israelite covenant, when we were talking about Exodus.
我们已经将希提的纳贡条约作为以色列立约,的范本进行过研究，在我们讲解出埃及记的时候。
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You may view the land from a distance, but you shall not enter it the land that I am giving to the Israelite people.So what happened at Meribath-kadesh that made God so angry?
我所赐给以色列人的地，你可以远远看见,却不得进去那么在米利巴水究竟发生了什么,使上帝这样愤怒？
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And in important ways, the Israelite cult is strikingly similar, particularly in the sacrifices I've just described.
在一些重要的方面，以色列宗教仪式很明显地，类似于我刚刚我说的那些献祭活动。
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Interestingly, unlike most ancient sanctuaries, the Israelite sanctuary did not contain a statue of the deity.
有趣的是，和大多数古代神殿不同，以色列神殿里没有神的塑像。
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But it's some sort of skin disease, flaking skin disease or other sorts of boils and skin states that seem to be associated, at least in the Israelite mind, with decomposition and death.
但它是一种皮肤病，皮肤会一片片地剥落,或者是生疖和出现一些与皮肤有关的症状，至少在以色列人心目中，这种症状和腐烂、死亡联系在一起。
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He says the pagan idea, and I quote, "does not approach Israelite monotheism as it diminishes the number of its gods. The Israelite conception of God's unity entails His sovereign transcendence over all." That's the real issue.
考夫曼认为，异教思想，“即使缩小了神的数量，也和以色列的一神论不同,以色列中上帝的概念还包含了他对世间万物,至高无上的统治，“这是一个实际问题。
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Now, the books of Joshua and Judges that open the Deuteronomistic history, these books recount or relate the story of the conquest of the land of Canaan by the Israelite tribes, and the early years of the settlement: that's in Judges.
那么，《约书亚书》和《士师记》,开始了申命记中历史故事，这些经书记叙了,以色列部落征服迦南之地，早期的定居，这些出现在《士师记》中。
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A system of rites, and we'll be looking at the Israelite cult later.
一个仪式系统，之后我们会讲到以色列祭仪。
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The Israelite camp bears a certain degree of holiness.
帐篷本身有一定程度的神圣性。
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Because alongside the idealized portrayal of the Israelite conquest in the first half of the book of Joshua, alongside the call for the destruction of all Canaanites, we find interesting tales of alliances and incorporation of various Canaanite groups.
因为随着对以色列征服的理想化描述,在《约书亚书》的第一部分，随着摧毁所有迦南人的呼声，我们发现了关于同盟趣事,以及迦南各个群体的合并。
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The ritual cult of the Israelites may look like that of their neighbors but it functioned very differently; its purpose was drastically different from that of Israel's neighbors. The Israelites like their neighbors may have set up a king over themselves. But Israelite monarchy differed from Canaanite monarchy in significant ways because of their monotheism.
从祭拜仪式上看，以色列人和邻国类似,但操作起来很不一样，而目的则完全相反,以色列人可能会像邻国那样,拥立一位君主，然而受一神论的影响,以色列的君主政体和迦南地区的有明显差异。
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the word "Jew" isn't something we can really historically use until about this time , so most of our period we're going to be talking about the ancient Israelites to become an Israelite, you simply joined the Israelite community, you lived an Israelite life, you died an Israelite death.
关于Jew这词历史上,直到公元前500年才开始用，所以我们的大多数时间,将会讨论古以色列人,成为一个以色列人，你只要加入以色列人社区，按以色列人方式生活，按其方式安葬。
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Mount Zion is in Jerusalem, it's the Temple Mount today where the mosque now is. Today, we'll consider Levenson's analysis of the Sinai tradition as an entree into the Israelite concept of the Torah, and the covenant bond, its meaning and its implications.
耶路撒冷的郇山，这座神庙山,是今天El-Aqsa清真寺的所在地，今天我们,将对Levenson对西奈传统的分析进行思考，以犹太人对,摩西五经的观点作为主线，以及条约的联系，意义和隐含意义。
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Very similar, parallel stories, and yet there are significant contrasts between the Mesopotamian story and its Israelite adaptation.
比较苏美尔版与犹太人版的故事,非常相似，但是同时有很大的对比。
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So Israelite-Judean religion on the ground shared many cultic forms and practices and rituals with Canaanite and Ancient Near Eastern culture generally.
因此以色列-犹太宗教本质上来说,和迦南以及古近东时期的文化,在宗教形式、操作和仪式上有很多共同点。
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The northern kingdom, which consisted of ten of the twelve Israelite tribes, and known confusingly as Israel, was destroyed in 722 by the Assyrians.
北面的这个王国由,十个犹太部落组成，混淆的被认为就是以色列，于公元前722年被亚述人所灭。
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You obeyed Israelite law and custom, you revered Israelite lore, you entered into the historical community of Israel by accepting that their fate and yours should be the same.
遵守他们的法规和习俗，崇敬他们的经验知识，你通过接受他们与你,命运相同而进入了有历史意义的以色列人群体。
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So the purity that's required of a priest, who has access to the sanctuary proper, is higher than that of an Israelite, who has access to the outer courtyard only.
因此那些，能够进入圣所内部的祭司，纯洁度比一般的，只能进入外部庭院的以色列人都要高。
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But its directives are couched in the masculine singular. So it seems to be addressing Israelite males as the legal subjects in the community.
但这种直接是通过单数阳性词表达的，它似乎只是把,以色列男性当作该群落里的法律主体。
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Well, this reconstruction of the evolution of Israelite history, Israelite religion, excuse me, is really driven more by theological prejudice than it is by historical evidence.
嗯，以色列历史进化过程的重建，以色列的宗教，抱歉，实际上是由神学偏见推动的,而不是历史证据。
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And it stems from an obvious projection of the Protestant- Catholic tension onto Israelite history.
它起源明显的规划，是清教-,与天主教的紧张关系在以色列历史中的体现。
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He decrees the murder of all newborn Israelite males at the hands of Egyptian midwives.
他下令屠杀刚出生的以色列男孩,借着接生婆之手。
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Each of these phenomena he says is transformed by the basic Israelite idea of one supreme transcendent God whose will is absolute and all of these things relate to the direct word and will of God.
所有的这些现象都随着以色列一神论概念的建立而改变,只有一位至高无上的上帝，他的意愿是不能被人改变的,世间万物都随上帝的意愿而生。
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So, which is it, which is part of the question that came from over here, You have on the one hand the claim that Israelite religion is essentially continuous with Ancient Near Eastern polytheism.
刚才那个男生问的是什么问题？,一方面，有人说以色列宗教从本质上,和古近东的多神论是一脉相承的。
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