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So hopefully you're convinced that your predictions worked well and you are able to predict what's going on when you're looking at the photoelectric effect.
希望你们确信,你们的预测都是对的,而且当你们考虑光电效应的问题时,你们可以预测。
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You should be able to maybe print out a blank copy of those notes from the website not for memorizing them, but now just understanding how the photoelectric effect works.
你们应该可以从网站上打印一份,这些笔记中的空白的纸张,不仅仅是为了记忆，而且现在要理解,光电效应是如何工作的。
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What we had just done a clicker question on is discussing light as a particle and the photoelectric effect, so we're going to finish up with a few points about the photoelectric effect today.
我们刚才做得课堂表决器那个问题,是讨论光作为一个粒子以及光电效应，所以今天我们将以一些,关于光电效应的观点作为结束。
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And the reason for this, and this is a very important point about the photoelectric effect, and the point here is that the electrons here are acting as particles, you can't just add those energies together.
这个现象的原因是，这是光电效应非常重要的一个论点,这个论点就是电子,在这里是粒子行为，你不能仅仅把这些能量加在一起。
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This is the last question we'll see in class on the photoelectric effect, so hopefully we can have a very high success rate here to show we are all ready to move on with our lives here.
这是这个课上最后一个关于,光电效应的问题，所以希望,你们能有个高的通过率,来证明我们已经可以继续往下走。
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This should all sound incredibly familiar, like I'm just repeating myself in terms of photoelectric effect, because essentially that's what I'm doing, and that's one reason we spent so much time and did so many problem-set problems on the photoelectric effect.
这应该听起来极其熟悉，就像我在重复自己在讲光电效应时所说的话，因为基本上我正是在这样做，这也是我们在光电效应这个问题上,花这么多时间,做这么多习题的原因之一。
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So, it turns out that the photoelectric effect is not the only evidence for the fact that light has these particle-like characteristics.
所以，原来是光电效应,不是唯一的证明光具有,粒子特性的证据。
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And this is called photoelectron spectroscopy, and essentially what it is is very similar conceptually to what we were talking about way back in the first couple lectures when we were talking about the photoelectric effect.
也就是光电子能谱，从本质上来讲,这项技术,与我们在最开始的几节课上讲的,光电效应在概念上非常相似。
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So, we'll take a little bit of a step back after we introduce quantum mechanics, and talk about light as a wave, and the characteristic of waves, and then light as a particle. And one example of this is in the photoelectric effect.
等我们介绍完量子力学后,我们要回过头来讨论下光,作为一种波和它的波动性特征,以及光作为一种粒子,其中的一个粒子就是光电效应。
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All right, so where we left off with the photoelectric effect was when we first introduced the effect, we were talking about it in terms of frequencies.
好，我们刚才停止光电效应这个话题,是当我们第一次用频率，来讨论这个效应的时候。
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So, we do this here for the photoelectric effect, and in terms of the photoelectric effect, what we know the important point is that the incoming photon has to be equal or greater in energy then the work function of the metal.
所以，我们做这个是为了说明，光电效应，在光电效应方面，我们知道的最重要的事情,就是入射的光子能量必须等于,或者大于金属的功函数。
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So, one difference between photoelectron spectroscopy and, for example, the photoelectric effect is that in this case, we're not just looking at one energy level, which is what we were looking at from the surface of a metal, now we're talking about this gaseous atom.
光电子能谱与光电效应的不同点在于，以这种情况为例，我们不只关心一个能级，就像原来在金属表面那样，现在我们研究的是气体原子，所以，我们可以从原子中。
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All right. So let's test what we, in fact, know about the photoelectric effect, and before we do that actually, we're going to calculate what we would predict, so when we do the demo it will be meaningful and we can tell whether we're successful or not.
好的，我们来测试一些，我们实际上懂了,多少光电效应的东西，在我们做测试之前，我们先算一下我们能预知什么，这样我们做的测试会很有意义,并且也知道我们是否成功了。
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When we talked about the photoelectric effect, that was called the work function.
如果我们在研究光电效应，这被称为功函数。
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So, starting back with the photoelectric effect -- yes.
好了，开始光电效应的话题，好。
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So this means we now have a new way of thinking about the photoelectric effect, and that nu is the idea that h times nu is actually an energy.
这意味着我们有一种,新方法来考虑光电效应,这个概念就是h乘以。
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So once we cover it, it will then be fair game to ask these photoelectron spectroscopy or these photoelectric effect questions using the wavelength of the electron.
所以一旦我们涉及到它，问及光电子能谱或者,用电子的波长问及,光电效应是一样的。
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