When I talk about the Evening Star, I'm referring to Venus, whether or not I realize that Venus is the Evening Star.

当我说到昏星的时候,我指的也是金星,不管怎么样,我认为,金星就是昏星

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But try to imagine a world in which the Evening Star exists, but the Morning Star does not.

但是尝试想象在一个世界里昏星存在,而晨星不存在

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You might have thought that showed--didn't Descartes prove to us that that shows--the Evening Star and the Morning Star are two different things?

由此你可能会想,这是不是就印证了笛卡尔向我们证明的,昏星和晨星,其实是两样不一样的东西

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So, as I say, it's a trivial matter to imagine a world in which the Evening Star exists and the Morning Star does not.

我说过,显而易见,想象在一个世界里,昏星存在,而晨星不存在

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And I think the example of the Evening Star and the Morning Star-- which is not at all original to me-- that this example shows, this counter example shows, that Descartes' original argument doesn't work either.

而且我认为晨星,和昏星的例子,这不是我原创的,这个例子说明,这个反例说明了,笛卡尔的原来的那个论证也行不通

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Well, I can imagine the Evening Star without the Morning Star, so Son of Descartes, "Descarteson," Has to say, "Oh, so that shows that the Morning Star and the Evening Star are two different things."

我可以想象只有晨星存在,而昏星不存在,于是笛卡尔的儿子,笛卡尔森 不得不说,那就说明了晨星和昏星,是两个不一样的东西

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The interesting thing about Descartes' argument is that it's easy to see something has gone wrong in the case of the Morning Star and the Evening Star, but it's difficult to pin down what exactly went wrong.

笛卡尔论证的奇妙之处在于,我们能明显感觉到,晨星和昏星的例子中,有些东西不对劲,但很难确定,错误到底在出哪里

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I take it that we all agree that when we attempt to run the Cartesian argument in terms of the Morning Star and the Evening Star, it fails. But it's harder to say what went wrong?

我想大家都同意,当我们试图把卡氏论证,用到晨星和昏星的例子上来时,它行不通了,但是很难说我们哪里错了

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