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I showed you this in this picture here and those levels of control can be at the level of transcription.
我把这些都给你们显示在这张图上,调控可以在转录的水平下进行
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They're sometimes called transcription factors and this is an example of a transcription factor that is itself activated or turned on by the presence of a steroid.
它们被称为转录因子,转录因子的一个例子就是,能够自激活或被激素激活
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These kinds of molecules which activate genes, they're activating the process of transcription.
这种分子能够激活基因,激活了转录过程
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The most basic control is by controlling when transcription happens.
最基本的途径,是调控细胞转录
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In this case the shape is - there's a cell body in the center here so this is where the nucleus is and where all the transcription, production of proteins take place here.
在这个细胞中,中间部位是细胞体,细胞核位于其中央,转录以及翻译过程均发生于此
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When transcription happens and it turns out that there's a whole biology associated with this, including molecules that are floating around inside your cells called transcription factors, and their job-- they are molecules that are about particular genes and what some of the sequences and are able to turn on those genes inside cells, to make them transcribe.
研究证明,当细胞转录时,还有与之相关的一整套生物机制在运作,包括一种在你细胞中飘浮着的,称为转录因子的分子,它们的工作就是,它们知道该转录哪一段基因,该转录哪一段序列,然后把这些细胞中的基因激活,进行转录
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Transcription just means making a single stranded RNA copy of a sequence of base pairs in a DNA.
转录的过程就是从一段DNA碱基序列中,复制出一段单链RNA
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That information gets put into action through a process, a biological process called transcription, where particular regions of DNA are transcribed into RNA.
信息通过某种过程起到作用,这个生物学过程叫转录,在转录过程中,DNA的特定区域转录成RNA
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The end result of transcription is not double stranded DNA, it's single stranded RNA where the RNA that's produced is called messenger RNA.
最终的转录产物并非双链的DNA,而是单链的RNA,称为信使RNA
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The nucleus contains all the DNA, and so the early stages of gene expression, transcription, happened inside the nucleus where all the DNA is.
NA都在细胞核里,所以早期的基因表达,转录,发生在将所有DNA,都包于其中的细胞核中
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When we talk about gene expression than we're talking about this whole sequence of events I just described: transcription, RNA processing, translation to make the protein.
当我们谈到基因表达的时候,我们就是在讨论,一系列我们刚才提到的过程,即转录,RNA加工,翻译成蛋白质
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We talked very superficially about the biological process going from DNA to protein, so the process of transcription, RNA processing, and translation to produce a protein.
我们粗浅地讲了下,从DNA到蛋白质的生物学过程,即转录,RNA加工,以及翻译得到蛋白质的全过程
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In this same way, this process of transcription which is occurring in cells throughout body all the time is made possible by a protein called RNA polymerase.
NA的合成也很类似,身体内每个细胞内,转录过程的进行都是在一种称作,RNA聚合酶的蛋白质催化下进行的
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It's very important in the biological operation of human cells and that step is RNA splicing, or processing of this RNA, single stranded RNA that's produced by transcription.
而这对人类细胞生物运作至关重要,这个步骤就是RNA剪接,或者说是对RNA的加工,对转录出的单链RNA进行加工的步骤
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There are molecules in cells that give the DNA the signal that it's time to transcribe and express a gene, those are called transcription factors, we'll talk about them a bit later.
在细胞中有些分子能够,给DNA发出信号告诉它,是时候转录和表达某基因了,这些分子叫做转录因子,晚些时候我们会讲它们
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Certain segments of DNA are being converted into RNA, and whereas in replication, you have to copy the whole genome, the whole - all of the chromosomes, all of the DNA contained in the chromosomes of the cell in order to completely replicate it; transcription only works on particular sequences of DNA.
特定的DNA序列被转录为RNA,在复制的过程中,整条染色体都被复制,包括其中的全部DNA序列,都被分毫不差地复制下来,以保证复制的完整性,而转录过程只发生在特定的DNA序列上
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