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What about Mill's attempt to account for the especially weighty character of individual rights and justice in chapter five of Utilitarianism.
那么穆勒在《功利主义》,第五章中提到的,个人权利和公正重要性的解释，又是否成立呢。
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When we finished last time, we were looking at John Stuart Mill's attempt to reply to the critics of Bentham's Utilitarianism.
上节课结束时，我们讲到约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒试图回应,对边沁功利主义的批判。
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So what we need to examine now is whether John Stuart Mill had a convincing reply to these objections to utilitarianism.
我们现在的任务是思考穆勒,是否令人信服地回应了对功利主义的质疑。
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Does it mean that we're back to utilitarianism and using people and aggregating preferences and pushing the fat man off the bridge?
那是否意味着我们又回到了功利主义的老路上,利用他人，还简单加总偏好,把那个胖子从桥上推下去？
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Now, those among you who are defenders of utilitarianism may think that this is an unfair test.
在座功利主义的支持者们,可能觉得这个研究不公。
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She and Mill got married, they lived happily ever after, and it was under her influence that John Stuart Mill tried to humanize utilitarianism.
他们结了婚，从此过上了幸福的生活，正是在她的影响下,约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒试图把功利主义人性化。
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Bentham's utilitarianism is sometimes summed up with the slogan "The greatest good for the greatest number."
边沁的功利主义有时被总结为一句口号,为最多的人谋求最大的幸福“
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As for Jeremy Bentham, who launched utilitarianism as a doctrine in moral and legal philosophy, 85 Bentham died in 1832 at the age of 85.
杰里米·边沁，确立了功利主义,作为道德和法律哲学学说的地位，边沁死于1832年，享年。
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Last time, we began to consider some objections to Jeremy Bentham's version of utilitarianism.
上节课，我们开始思考一些,对杰里米·边沁功利主义的反对观点。
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So here are the objections to Bentham's utilitarianism and now, we turn to someone who tried to respond to those objections, a latter-day utilitarian, John Stuart Mill.
以上就是对边沁功利主义的异议,现在再来看看另一位,他试图回应这些异议，近代功利主义者约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒。
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In his book Utilitarianism, Mill tries to show that critics to the contrary it is possible within the utilitarian framework to distinguish between higher and lower pleasures.
在穆勒的《功利主义》中，他试图证明，与批判者所言相反,在功利主义的框架下,是能区分高级和低级快乐的。
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The first was the objection, the claim that utilitarianism, " by concerning itself with the greatest good for the greatest number, fails adequately to respect individual rights.
第一点异议，是说功利主义，只关注“为最多的人谋求最大的幸福，没有充分地尊重个人权利。
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Can you give an example of the kind of thing you're worried about when you say you're worried about utilitarianism violating the concern or respect due the minority?
你能举个你所担心的类似例子吗,即你所说的担心,功利主义缺少对少数的关心和尊重？
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Last time, we began to consider Bentham's version of utilitarianism.
上节课，我们开始,思考边沁的功利主义。
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So we really have here two different objections to utilitarianism.
因此我们确实对功利主义有两点异议。
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One has to do with whether utilitarianism adequately respects individual rights or minority rights, and the other has to do with the whole idea of aggregating utility or preferences or values.
一点是关于，功利主义,是否充分尊重个体和少数的权利，另一点是关于,加总功利，或偏好，或价值的看法。
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And that's the philosophy of utilitarianism.
即功利主义哲学。
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In 1859, Mill wrote a famous book on liberty, the main point of which was the importance of defending individual rights and minority rights, and in 1861, toward the end of his life, he wrote the book we read as part of this course, "Utilitarianism."
859年穆勒写了本关于自由的名著，书里的主要观点是,争取个体和少数群体权利的重要性，1861年，在晚年时期，他写了《功利主义》，这也属于本课的阅读资料“
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