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They believe the simian immunodeficiency virus,S.I.V., probably crossed from chimpanzees to humans in the last one hundred years.
VOA: special.2009.09.08
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And our job is to find out what is the mathematical description of this path, this line in p-V's case that connects these two point.
我们的任务,就是找出，描述这条曲线的方程。
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A It tells me that the partial of A with respect to T at constant V is minus S. Right?
他告诉我们,在恒定体积下对温度的微分等于负S，对吗？
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Scientists have believed that S.I.V.did not cause a similar immune system problem for primates.
VOA: special.2009.09.08
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Now we're going to hear Beach Boys, IV I guess,with a three-chord chord progression and it's going to be sub-dominant , V dominant , I tonic .
而现在我们来听听貌似是沙滩男孩，三和弦进行，然后将会是次属音，属音，和主音。
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Doctor Hahn says she suspects chimps first got infected with S.I.V.
VOA: special.2009.09.08
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S Formal charge equals v minus l minus 1/2 s.
形式电荷等于，V，减去，L，再减去二分之一倍的。
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Civilian scientists used the V-2 rockets to study the Earth's atmosphere.
VOA: special.2009.06.10
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Whenever you see a particle moving in a circle, even if it's at a constant speed, it has an acceleration, v square over r directed towards the center.
只要看到质点做圆周运动,即使是匀速圆周运动,也存在一个加速度,大小为 v^2 / r,方向指向圆心
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The V Foundation was named for Yow's friend Jimmy Valvano.
VOA: special.2009.03.29
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Aristotle certainly recognized that the accumulation of political knowledge you might say the gathering of data the organization of facts is very important. Books III IV V of the Politics shows the empirical side of Aristotle's politics.
亚里士多德确实,体认到积聚政治知识,你也能说是收集数据,整理实证是非常重要的事,政治学》第，III，IV，V，册显示出,亚里士多德政治的,经验依据层面。
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Now,researchers say they have evidence that chimpanzees with S.I.V.
VOA: special.2009.09.08
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So that's I,IV,V,I.
所以是一，四，五，一。
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Seventeen chimps were found to be infected with S.I.V.
VOA: special.2009.09.08
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v We don't know what it is yet. In order to change this from a p to a V, you have to use the chain rule. So let's use the chain rule.
为了把这里的p变成,我们需要利用链式法则,好，让我们使用链式法则。
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What some call the V-word - Vietnam is increasingly heard in the growing debate over U.S.involvement in Afghanistan.
VOA: standard.2009.09.09
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So we immediately get du at constant S and V is less than zero.
这样我们马上就得到以下结论：,在等熵，等容条件下dU必须小于零。
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"The U.S.data should remind us that this recovery is not likely to be V-shaped It seems to me that we are going to see rising unemployment for a long time yet,"
VOA: standard.2009.08.05
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b If we put it as minus b, that's just equal to a over V squared.
如果我们写成负，这里就等于a除以V的平方。
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That's all these cripplesdown at the V. A...
VOA: standard.other
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Now, before, of course, in the first part of the class u we started out looking at u H and then looking at H not as functions of S and V or S and p, but as functions of temperature, mostly.
现在，在本课的前一部分,我们首先讨论了,然后讨论了,这两个量并未写成S和V或者S和p的函数，而是写成了温度的函数。
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The U.S.Moon mission came on July 16,1969, when Armstrong, along with astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins, climbed into Apollo 11's command module called Columbia atop a gigantic Saturn V rocket and blasted off.
VOA: standard.2009.07.16
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Minus p, right? But in fact, if you go back to the van der Waal's equation of state b here's RT over v minus b.
再减去p，对吗，但是实际上，如果你代回范德瓦尔斯气体的状态方程,这里是RT除以摩尔体积减去。
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Which we've expressed now in terms of S and V, S and p.
我们把他们写成S和V以及S和p的函数。
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Vdp So dG is minus S dT plus V dp.
结果是dG等于负SdT加上。
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It's the pressure the external world is applying on this poor system here.
V是气体初态和,末态的体积之差。
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V Let's control T and V.
我们控制温度T和体积。
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T It's just equal to V over T.
把气体状态方程代入得到V除以。
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If it's going in a circle, you will say from now on, that it, indeed, has an acceleration, even though no one's stepping on the accelerator, of amount v^2 over R.
如果它在一个圆周上运动,你会说从现在起它其实有加速度,即使没有人去踩油门,加速度大小为 v^2 / R
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So the first path then, the first path, 1 constant volume constant V, so I'm going to, again, let's just worry about energy.
首先，是路径，等压过程。
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