We know now that it's caused by a related virus, called vaccinia, remember the virus that causes smallpox is called variola.

我们现在知道这病由一种相关的病毒引起,这种病毒叫牛痘病毒,想想天花病毒也被叫做牛痘病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But because of the similarity of the viruses, the immune response that people developed would also protect them against natural infections with variola.

因为这两种病毒很相像,人体的免疫应答也能保护自己,免受天花的感染

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Remember that the lucky thing about the smallpox vaccine was that a naturally occurring attenuated form of the smallpox virus variola called vaccinea was found.

对于天花病毒来说,幸运的是,存在一种自然发生的,被称作痘苗病毒的,天花病毒的衰减疫苗

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But variola, which causes smallpox in humans, and vaccinia, which causes a disease called cowpox in cattle, turned out to be, we now know, viruses that are molecularly very similar.

但是导致天花的人痘病毒,和导致牛痘,的牛痘病毒,后来发现其实是,我们现在知道,这两种病毒在分子水平上十分相似

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One is in the U.S.at the Centers for Disease Control, where there is a sample of variola, which is kept, you know, frozen on ice in a heavily guarded facility.

一个在美国的疾病控制中心,那有一支天花病毒的样本,冰冻后置于重重保护之下

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Viruses, you know about viruses; variola, we're going to talk about next week which causes smallpox, influenza, which causes the flu and HIV of course which cause AIDS are some examples.

病毒 你们都知道病毒,像天花病毒,我们下周会讲的引起天花的病毒,还有引起流感的流感病毒,引起艾滋病的人类免疫缺陷病毒等等

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The name of the virus is variola.

病毒的名字叫天花病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Smallpox is a virus called variola, it's a virus that contains DNA.

天花是病毒引起的,这种病毒含DNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选