There are some things pigs actually automatically don't like, like being hit or shocked.

有些东西是猪天生就不喜欢的，比如挨打或受到惊吓。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

His flinch is not the same response that one would give if one's hit.

不是所有的人在挨打时,都会做出相同的闪躲反应。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

What happened in that case is he has learned that the raising of a hand is a signal that he is about to be hit and so he responds to that signal.

在这个例子中，他知道,举起的手臂是他即将挨打的信号,因此他对这个信号作出了反应。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Flinching is preparation for being hit.

闪躲是对挨打所做的准备。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

If you're hit, you don't flinch.

如果你挨打的时候并不闪躲。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选