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Now, in the heart action potential is moving from one heart muscle cell to another over the surface of the heart.
心脏中的动作电位,沿相邻心肌细胞在心脏表面传递
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So essentially, they regulate this action potential, and they do so by helping to establish and then control the voltage gradient within the cells.
总之本质上，它们负责调节动作电位,它们做到这一点通过协助制造,并控制细胞内的电位梯度。
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Now, what happens during an action potential is that that membrane potential changes very rapidly and it changes from being negative to being more positive.
在动作电位产生时,膜电位迅速改变,从较负的电位向更正的电位改变
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When an action potential is initiated these ion channels go from their closed state to their open state, when they open sodium can now pass through.
当动作电位形成时,离子通道,从关闭状态转到打开状态,当通道打开时,钠离子就可以通过
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It's collecting information from all these dendrites under the right series of signals the cell body integrates all that information, says time for me to fire an action potential.
神经收集所有树突送来的,通过一系列正确信号传来的信息,细胞体整合所有信息之后,就到了发出动作电位的时候了
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When an action potential comes down this pre-synaptic axon, when it reaches this point here, it sets off the process of these vesicles dumping their content into the synaptic cleft.
当动作电位到达轴突的突触前膜时,当到达这一点时 小泡就将其内含物,排放到突触间隙中去
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That action potential is initiated here up in this region.
动作电位从这个位置起始
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So, it makes a binary decision, either I create an action potential or I don't, but that decision could be based on many inputs, not just on input from one cell.
所以 这里产生一个二选一的决策,就是产生动作电位亦或不产生,不过这个决定可能是,根据很多输入信号做出的,而不是仅凭单个细胞所传来的信号
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This process, which is shown schematically here, as a vesicle fusing with the cell membrane and then dropping its neurotransmitter only happens when an action potential reaches the end of the axon.
这一过程 扼要地展示在这里,小泡同细胞膜融合,释放其神经递质,这只发生在动作电位抵达轴突末梢时
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In the heart it turns out that the cells of the heart are electrically coupled together, so if an action potential moves down this cell it directly moves into the next cell.
在心脏中,事实证明,心脏细胞是电偶联的,所以如果动作电位在一个细胞中传递,那么直接就能传递给下个细胞
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Well, the mechanism that the cell uses to transmit information along itself, along this process which goes from my brain to my fingers, for example, is through an electrical signal called an action potential.
神经细胞沿突起,将信息从我的大脑传递到,手指的机制是,举例来说,是通过一种称为动作电位的电信号的作用
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That happens, and if I was looking at a region of membrane that was experiencing an action potential I would see voltage change in just the way it's shown in this graph here.
当去极化发生时,如果我观察一个经历动作电位的区域,我就会看到这样的电压变化,就像这幅图上展示的一样
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So, there's a continuum of electrical connection in the heart that allows an action potential to sweep across the surface of the heart and for the heart to beat in a coordinated fashion.
所以 心脏细胞有电偶联的连结组织,以使动作电位平稳在细胞表面传递,保证心脏的协调性跳动
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Because this post-synaptic neuron is going to be receiving different signals from different cells, it's decision about what to do next, and the what to do next is either create an actual potential or not create an action potential.
因此突触后神经元可以接收,来自不同细胞的不同信号,然后决定后续反应,后续反应包括产生动作电位,或者不产生动作电位
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We're going to come back and talk about the action potential a little bit more when we talk about how the heart works, because the heart when its contracting, the muscle cells also use action potentials to initiate contraction.
我们讲心脏工作原理时,会回头再多讨论一点动作电位,因为心脏收缩时,肌肉细胞也利用动作电位来启动收缩
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It would generate an electrical signal because it would - you'd open the ion channel and you would ion fluxes and you would change the membrane potential in just the way I described for the action potential.
它会产生一个电信号,因为--,离子通道会打开,产生离子流,膜电位会改变,像我讲动作电位时那样
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If you could look inside a pre-synaptic axon terminal, you would find one of the characteristics is that it's loaded with these vesicles and they're just sitting there waiting to receive an action potential so that they can immediately dump their contents.
如果你能够一窥突触前的轴突末梢内部,你将会发现一个共同特征,神经递质都装载在小泡中,时刻准备着等待动作电位激活,以便迅速释放其内含物
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