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What I want you to remember is that specific sub-populations of cells get activated, the activation results in a specific response.
我希望你们记住的是,一些特定的细胞亚群受到刺激时,被激活细胞将引起特定的应答
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But it was voice-activated, so like, if you yell, it would like start blowing bubbles.
但是它是可以通过语音控制的。所以说，你一大叫，它就开始冒泡。
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These are molecules that exist naturally in cell membranes and are activated by certain enzymes and kinases generated by receptors.
这些分子存在于细胞膜表面,能被受体激活的某种酶或激酶所活化
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These are automatically activated when we come into contact with individuals.
在我们和别人接触时,它们会被自动激活。
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So, this pathway might not be the only one that's being activated inside the cell at any given time.
因此,任一时刻细胞内,激活的信号通路不只是一条
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For example, what if I activated this cell by encouraging it to produce this particular ligand?
如果促使细胞产生这种特定的配体,以此来激活细胞 会出现什么结果
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So, this is an immune response that doesn't have to be activated and we're used to thinking about immune responses that have to be activated.
所以 这是一种不必激活的免疫反应,我们曾认为免疫反应都需要激活
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So, this is the kind of immune response that gets activated only when it's needed.
所以 这是一种在需要时,被激活的免疫反应
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Then it will stay activated for some period of time, and eventually disappear again.
它在某一时间段保持激活状态,最后消失得无影无踪
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The more the receptor gets activated the more feedback it gets to activate.
受体被激活的程度越高,产生的反馈效应就越强
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There are 100 of these molecules, when a receptor gets activated a kinase activity gets activated, the kinase acts on the protein, the protein gets switched on, something new starts to happen inside the cell.
有一百个这样的分子,当受体被激活,激酶被激活后,激酶作用于蛋白,使蛋白活化,细胞中就会发生一些新变化
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The other part of the adaptive immune system is the cell mediated immune system and this is an immune where that doesn't involve antibodies but involves cells that are activated in response to a foreign antigen and that utilize cellular means to get rid of it.
获得性免疫系统还包括,细胞免疫,这一免疫反应不包含抗体,但包含可以被激活来应答,并清除外源抗原的免疫细胞
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One of the results of that stimulation is that B-cells - a particular subset of B-cells - gets activated.
这种激活的结果之一就是,B细胞,一类特别的B细胞亚族被激活
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What happens when they're activated is they start to reproduce, they make more and more, and more B-cells.
激活后,免疫细胞开始增殖,B细胞变得越来越多
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Another subset of T-cells called T helper cells will recognize that signal by direct contact with it, and they will become activated and proliferate.
另外一个T细胞的亚群是辅助性T细胞,辅助性T细胞可识别与其接触的抗原信号,并被激活,开始增殖
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One of the enzymes that often gets activated is an enzyme which converts ATP, a small molecule that is inside all of our cells.
在经常被激活的酶中有一种酶,其功能是转化ATP,ATP是一种,存在于所有细胞中的小分子物质
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The cell is going to experience something different inside because both receptors were activated instead of just one.
细胞内部将经历不同的生理过程,因为是两种受体被激活而不是一种
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What happens when that recognition takes place is that your immune system gets activated, and the activation that happens usually involves two things.
当识别进行时会发生什么呢,那时免疫系统会激活,免疫系统的激活通常包含两个过程
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Because if it was a neurotransmitter activated ion channel, what would happen when the neurotransmitter bound here?
因为假如这是一个,神经递质激活的离子通道,当神经递质结合于此的时候,会发生些什么呢
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They're sometimes called transcription factors and this is an example of a transcription factor that is itself activated or turned on by the presence of a steroid.
它们被称为转录因子,转录因子的一个例子就是,能够自激活或被激素激活
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You can put somebody in an MRI machine now and have them read a book and look at what parts of their brain become activated when they're reading and what parts stop activating when they stop reading, so you can learn where in their brain is reading done.
现在如果有人躺在核磁共振仪中进行阅读,我们就可以看到,在阅读时,大脑哪些部位变得活跃,停止阅读时哪些部位停止活动,这样我们就知道了,大脑中什么部位是和阅读相关的
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In the same way cells get activated but these are different cells, these are T helper cells that get activated by MHC2.
以相同方法另一些不同的细胞也被激活,它们是被MHC2激活的T附助细胞
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They come from B-cells, they come from B-cells that are activated with a specific antigen.
抗体来自于B细胞,它们来自于被特别的抗原所激活的B细胞
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